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Asia and Europe: Federal vs. Concentric Paths to Regional Integration
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EU and ASEAN
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Greek Crisis, East Asia Summit
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EU & ASEAN: Similarities
• Began as Political Projects• Moved on to Economic Focus• Functional Development• Intergovernmental, Summit Process• Outreach to Neighboring Countries, other
regional organizations• Broader, Deeper, Better
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EU and ASEAN
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EU & ASEAN: Differences
• Primary Drivers: Economics vs. Politics• Stepwise Process vs. Long Latent Period• Build up of Bureaucracy vs. Crisis-driven entity• Supranationalism vs. Inter-governmentalism • Political Equality vs. Concentric Rings
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Major Theories of European Integration
• Functionalism• Neo-Functionalism• Inter-governmentalism• Liberal Inter-governmentalism
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Haas, Schmitter, Moravcsik
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Other Theories of European Integration
• Institutionalism• Constitutionalism• Federalism• Regulationism• Multi-level Governance• Polycentric Governance• Neo-neo-functionalism
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Problems Applying European Ideas
• Mercosur’s Political Process• ASEAN’s Differences
Specificity of European ConditionsCrisis-driven developmentRegional TransformationNo aims for high-level integration
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Asia’s crises
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Elements of Asian Integration Theory
Existing Theories:•Functionalism•Neo-functionalism•Inter-governmentalism•Liberal Inter-governmentalism
Other Theories Don’t Apply
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Traditional I.R. Theory
• Realism• Neo-realism• Liberalism/Neo-liberalism• World Systems Theory• Constructivism
Which provides the most useful approach?
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Giants of I.R.
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A Model of Asian Integration
• Politics Economics• Punctuated Equilibrium
Crisis-driven Regionalism• Strong Inter-governmentalism• Concentric Grouping
1) ASEAN, 2) ASEAN+3, 3) ASEAN+6,4) ASEAN+8, 5) SCO, SAARC
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Europe and East Asia