CHAPTER 1.0: INTRODUCTION
Building Surveying emerged in the 1970s as a profession in the United Kingdom by a group
of technically minded General Practice Surveyors. Building Surveying is a recognized profession
within Britain but not widely recognized overseas although there is growth of the profession within
Australia. The Services that Building Surveyors undertake are broad but include:
Construction design and building works
Project Management and monitoring
Planning Supervisor under CDM Regulations
Property Legislation adviser
Insurance assessment and claims assistance
Defect investigation and maintenance adviser
Building Surveys and measured surveys
Handling Planning applications
Building Inspection to ensure compliance with building regulations
Undertaking pre-acquisition survey
Negotiating dilapidations
Building Surveyors also act as an advisor on many aspects of construction including:
Design
Maintenance
Repair
Refurbishment
Restoration
In this case, the building condition surveys and measured surveys is stages of 3 main
criteria which is surveying, assessment and evaluation, which will cover the historical background,
research, the diagnosis of defect in the structure, fabric and services along with the building
construction method, the technology and the material itself. By taking into consideration, the
building measurement and analysis need to be conducted accurately to get great results at the end.
1.1 AIM
In order of achieving several objectives that have been planned for the building ahead of the
survey works start its operation, this report was produced. To make it a success, aims as a
guidance to ensure all the works planned will be accomplished within the given period with the
limitations that will arise throughout the survey works. The aim for this project is to gain as much
information about Aula Timur located at the Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
with earlier overview that the building was historical structure with uniquely design by a Dutchmen
architect on 1918. Besides that, the aim is to produce a professional overview report of building
conditions with a prioritized list of recommended repairs provide an objective framework for action
that need to be taken as a preservation alternative followed by maintenance plan for a certain
period that has to be under the owner’s responsibility.
1.2 OBJECTIVE
A conditions survey is the main objective for this inspection and study report of the building
that will includes a written and visual report with the actual condition for the building itself and some
minor part surroundings the area with prioritized recommendations according to the inspection
works that has been done.
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There are numerous of objectives that include:
To get the idea of keeping the historic character of the building with appropriates
actions that will be prioritized list.
To record the condition of the building prior to the commencement and after the
completion of construction works, tenancy period, renovation works etc, as a
precautionary measure to prevent disputes on damage caused by the above-
mentioned activities;
To identify the root cause of problem that lead to the existence of building defects
and to advise client on the appropriate method to rectify the defect without
recurrence;
To inspect building as part of maintenance program and up keeping of building for
maximum performance;
To provide technical information on a building for client’s consideration prior to their
decision to acquire a new building, rent a property, commence interior design,
addition and alteration works etc.
1.3 GROUP OBJECTIVE
The group objective is to produce a building condition report that will cover the building
measurement and analysis, measured drawings, defect investigations and recommendation for the
case study, Aula Timur, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia. Other than that, the
group would like to gain as much information and hands on measuring the building with the
technical equipment given as well as define all the deficiency that takes place on the building. More
important, the method or technique on collecting data will be assessing to get the accurate
information for the case study.
This is as a way in ensuring each individual are well known with all sorts of information
regarding the work need to be done before the arrival in Bandung, Indonesia. In order to achieve a
good report, the group has also form an objective that is compromise few criteria on each of the
group members that is to be fully responsibility on their task given, to improve communication skill
on gaining the information from the community surround as well as among the group members and
also to compete each other in the group to reach as much data needed.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
This kind of task need to be done properly according to the specific method that’s been
taught during the lecture and some extra refeences for building measurement and analysis from
external building surveyor firms.
1.5 SCOPE
The scope of the building condition survey can be cover both exterior and interior or even an
element alone. For this task, the work that had been planned is going to covered part of the
subjects from the Building Surveying program such as Building Defect and Analysis, Construction
Engineering, Building Services, Building Practice, Environmental Physics, Building Maintenance
and also Structure. The scope of building condition report was also to enclose all of the following
principles:
inspection methodology;
brief history of construction and maintenance;
summary of findings;
description of existing conditions, including causes of problems;
annotated photographs;
prioritized recommendations;
drawings
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1.6 LIMITATIONS
During the survey works, there are a few of limitation arising and part of it has been
overcome with using some of the equipment provided. The limitations that come out throughout the
site survey were;
Inaccessible ceiling space for the Aula Timur building including surau and Cultural Centre
area.
Inaccessible loft of cultural centre and a room between Main Hall and the Cultural Centre
area.
Permission denied to measuring the internal part of the building due to a day event held at
the building.
The differentiate figure by laser distance meter and teodolite during the calculation of
building height.
Lack of information about building’s material as it was a major different from Malaysia’s
construction material and some of the material was imported from outside Indonesia.
Lack of information about the size of beams and joints inside the building as it can’t be reach
without suitable equipment to get to higher distance.
1.7 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER
The summary of this chapter is to generate the aim of the survey works throughout several
objectives within the scope of work given. This aim will be major depend on the group objectives that have
been decided before the work started, despite of right methodology and preparation to overcome all the
limitations at the site. An earlier planning will determine either the survey works will completed in the range
of time given. Though the work will be difficult due to lack of information and the limitations expected to be
come forward on the site, any additional information from the lecturers and building’s owner will help a lot
to the group in completing the report before the due date.
The survey works must be also within in the Building Surveying program subject to make
the information gain in this process can be useful in the class later on. Furthermore, this practical
will be a view for the students for their next career after they’re graduated. So, it’s important to
make sure that the objective of this works successfully achieved. The method of measurement in
the site study must be synchronize in all part of the building.
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CHAPTER 2.0: BUILDING BIODATA
2.1 Historical Background of Locality and Case Studies
In the early 16-os, Bandung town is just a small city known as West Oedjoeng Broeng.
Road access had been widening bit by bit as the year passes by for the accessibility of vehicles
routes.
The rapid increase in the citizens’ population strengthens Bandung’s reputation as a city of
‘perkebunan’. Plus, its strategic geographical condition attracts the colonization of the Europeans
previously.
ITB or previously known as its origin name, de Technische Hoogeschool te Bandung (THB)
was administrate by the Dutch colonial during their years of colonizing. It was officiated and opened
on the 3rd of July 1920 by Mr. J.P. Graaf van Limburg Stirum, Jeneral Gabenor of the Dutch.
ITB’s main campus basically covers up of 770,000 square meters of the whole area. The
main campus consists of two main building, which is Barakgebouw A (Aula Barat) and
Barakgebouw B (Aula Timur). Ir. Henri Maclaine, the architect, planned it as an experimental
architectural building in compromising the traditional architecture with the west advanced
construction techniques.
Figure 1: Location plan of ITB
Source:
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Ir. Henri Maclaine was famous known for his precise knowledge in the local history, used to
reinvent the development for later use. Maclaine Pont uses his knowledge in implementing it in
widening his design for construction. The design stage started in the year 1918, and it was used as
Barakgebouw meeting point, later it was changed to the purpose of library.
The roof construction of Barakgebouw, is mainly influenced by the traditional Java
architecture. Material being used for the roof construction was ‘kayu sirap’. The unique construction
of Barakgebouw is mainly focused on its “ability to develop proportionally with the flow of
educational knowledge.” This is to ensure its changes and development can be constructed easily
and cheap in terms of costing, as well it does not require any composition of architecture ‘ketat’.
In his architectural works, traditional roof forms, complex wood construction system and
figurative vernacular building typologies were creatively reworked and reinvented. What he
produced are not only sophisticated architectural designs, but also highly modern, technologically
efficient, tropical and eloquent interpretations of modern Indies architecture.
Addition to that, it was said that ITB’s Barakgebouw brings harmony in unity between the
design of its traditional architecture and the west knowledge of construction.
Barakgebouw B also known as Aula Timur, once functioned as experimental laboratory in
experimenting the building materials and as lecture hall for the learning process of the building
material. With the building age more than 88 years, ITB’s Barakgebouw has become a legendary
landmark influenced by the colonization in Indonesia.
2.2 Architectural Influences
Aula Timur’s architecture reflects the diversity of cultural, historical and geographic
influences that have shaped the building as a whole. With the existing of Dutch colonizing brought
cultural changes that had profound effect on the building styles and techniques.
As the presence of the Dutch colonial during their stay in Bandung, had become an
influence contribution in many aspects. Henri Maclaine Pont, combine the mixture of his hybrid
architecture, which consist of traditional elements, the decorations and constructions with colonial
wood and brick architecture. The existence of this hybridization draws people to enter a discourse
on the colonial presence as being manifested in one major corporeal dimensions of society of
architecture.
Figure 2: Architectural Influence
Source: Field Study
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This hybridization between two domain cultures creates clashes between it. While
maintaining the bound of the historical past (traditional), the politics of the present (colonialism) was
born.
2.3 Style & Concept
The Dutch learnt to adapt their architectural style with local building features such as large
windows and ventilation openings. Besides that, the Dutch creates a colonial building to incorporate
Indonesian architectural elements and attempt adapting to the climate.
Art deco style was implemented in the architectural values, being expressed in essentially
Europeans buildings with Indonesian trim, e.g.: high pitched roof. Art Deco is the contemporary
modern design, architecture and a broad spectrum of decorative arts. It drew renewed inspiration
from ancient arts and primitive arts, and was purified by ideas of the colonizers. Art Deco style was
purely decorative; this style was seen as elegant, functional and modern. The decorative art and
the architectural development shows how the acceptance of the later and best of western
architecture allowed the Dutch influence to be absorbed without destroying the city’s long term
identity.
Figure 3: Local Java striking roof Figure 4: Column
Source: Field Study Source: Field Study
2.4 Surrounding Developments & Infrastructure
Previously, along the east bank of Cikapundung River located in Upper area of Dago, was
the campus of ITB. Now, ITB main campus, to the north of the town centre and its other campuses,
cover a total area of 770,000 square meters.
Development in terms of economy is to develop platforms for high-tech venture business by
strengthening the linkage between private sectors and universities. To develop a formal and non-
formal labour market- oriented education system as Institute Technology Bandung holds a prestige
record in the education system.
The surrounding developments consist of several varieties. As shown in the location map,
the institute is located in the center area Dago town that acts as an attraction from geographical
aspect. A main mosque for the Muslims to perform their prayer located at the south area of Aula
Timur. This act as a public amenity for the students itself. It was build for public use. Other than
that, there are several shops can be found that surrounds the main campus. Inside the mosque
area, there are amenities of playground for the usage of public. Without realizing, it brings harmony
in the community surrounding ITB.
There are also developments of hotels and a clinic being provided around the campus.
These help the rapid number of population in Dago town. An infrastructure purpose is to seek an
efficient and optimize utilization of development budget. Develop and manage surface water
resources for domestic and industrial use, and agricultural development.
There are no main type of infrastructure can be found around the campus of ITB than be
specified. From the surveying and observing work being done, main infrastructure such as water
sewerage does not exist around the ITB main campus.
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A proper water sewerage system is needed in order to develop and implement an effective
law enforcement system for discharge of waste water. This is due to improve living environment of
urban kampong areas.
There is a growing concern in Indonesia and other parts of the world about insufficient
capacity and poor condition of infrastructure. Indonesia faces major challenges in its infrastructure
sectors as it seeks to consolidate and accelerate its still fragile economic recovery, improve its
international competitiveness, and increase access to basic public services including health,
communications, construction, transportation, energy, manufacturing and education. Global
experience has shown that infrastructure is an important factor for improving health, education, and
environment, fostering economic growth, and reducing poverty
2.5 Traffic Flow & Accessibility
The significant impact of urbanization in ITB’s location brings problems of the increasing
mobility and infrastructure demand. One of the infrastructures that are very important is
transportation infrastructure which determines the level of accessibility of the people and
commodities from one place to another.
Due to the rapid development in ITB’s surroundings, eg: increased number of populations
and students, traffic problem is considerably becoming very serious. There are traffic congestions
not only on every access road but also on road networks within the campus. This is due to the road
space is very limited and inefficient public transport services, unlike in Malaysia. In developing a
mass transit system, restructuring bus routes of public transportation for the greater Bandung is a
compulsory.
A present public transport for the student’s usage is provided by conventional bus services,
paratransits (angkots), taxis and minibuses. Minibuses and paratransists are operated by
independent private owner and comprise the majority of the transport services, due to the operation
of various public transport in these crowded parts, traffic congestion happen everywhere even on
artery roads.
There is extensive use of one-way streets in ITB’s area. In general the existing circulation
patterns are satisfactory and traffic keeps moving reasonable well. However, the one-way systems
have been developed piecemeal over a period of time and result in excessive journey times and
distance for many movements and particularly poor conditions for pedestrians crossing wide
streams and continuously moving traffic.
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Figure 5: Road Network surrounds ITB main campus
Source: http://wikitravel.org/en/Bandung
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CHAPTER 3.0: BUILDING ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS
Building elemental analysis covers the analysis for all the elements in generally, which
mainly consist of building structure, fabrics and finishes, openings and services.
3.1 GENERAL
Aula Timur is a traditional building which is located in Bandung Institute of Technology. It is
designed by Henri Maclaine Pont, an architect from Netherlands and established on 1920’s. It has a
traditional design and become one of the most popular buildings in Bandung.
From observations, the building consists of hall, surau, VIP room, store room and Cultural
centre. The elements in the building are doors, windows, columns, beams, roofs, ceiling, floor,
staircases, external wall, internal wall and partition wall. While the materials used in this building are
timber, masonry, concrete and glass. It used teak timber type from Java Island. The material of
floor is concrete and it used tiles as its finishes. Aula Timur use pitch roof system and it’s covered
with kayu sirap (iron wood shingle). The masonry walls are well-plastered internally and externally.
All the beam joists are made of timber. The main structure in this building is the timber arches that
support the most percentage of loads for the whole building.
Figure 6: Surau at the west of Aula Timur.
Source: Field Study
Figure7: VIP room.
Source: Field Study
There were a lot of extensions has been done to this building. The extensions have been
made at the certain parts of Aula Timur but it did not change the original structure of the building.
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Overall, Aula Timur needs to have a proper maintenance works to ensure that the originality
and uniqueness of the building is conserve.
3.2 BUILDING ELEMENTS
Identified building elements in Aula Timur as follows:
i. Roofing
ii. Columns
iii. Walls
iv. Beams
v. Flooring
vi. Staircases
3.2.1 Roofing
Aula Timur roofing is pitched roof type and uses sirap (Iron wood shingle) as its roof cover.
Sirap roof is originally come from Kalimantan and introduced by Dutch architects in Indonesia
including Henri Maclaine Pont. This shingle known as one of the most durable type of wood in the
world and has serviceable at least thirty years lifespan. This type of roof also have four overlapping
layer of shingles. The shape of this roof is a type of Minangkabau roof which represents the
indigenous rationality of Indonesia. This kind of roof has some dramatic curve and high class
decorative which showed the building status.
Figure 8: Roofing at Aula Timur
Source: Field Study
Overall roof condition in Aula Timur is in satisfactory condition, where there are no leakages
spotted during rainy days. However it is discovered that some of the shingles need immediate
replacement as it start to crumble in several location.
3.2.2 Column
In Aula Timur there are two types of column being used in its structure which is stone
column and timber column. Stone column is used for all external purposes while timber column is
used vastly as the main type of column in the internal part.
Teak is the type of timber that is used as columns in Aula Timur because of its well known
quality and high strength. Teak type of timber is well known for its quality type of timber due to its
durable characteristic and less maintenance needed afterwards.
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Teak has its own oil substance which does not need further treated oil and varnish but it is
believed that all internal columns has already been treated by oil due to its black colour surface. As
teak is hard type of timber, the architect used twenty five thin layer of teak to make the curve style
column and its clipped with metal clipper at every 350mm along the column. Stone column is used
as external column at Aula Timur, combination of different size of river stone glued by mortar. Stone
column is one of the unique symbols of ITB as all the external column in this institute is made up
from stone. There is no information available about any maintenance has been done to the
columns.
Figure 9: Timber column inside the building.
Source: Field Study
Figure 10: Stone columns outside the building.
Source: Field Study
Generally, column in Aula Timur is in good condition where there is no serious defect
detected, but there are hairline cracks can be found on external column need to be monitored to
prevent further defects occur.
3.2.3 Wall
Aula Timur uses masonry as its wall which is located just below the window level for the
external wall while internal partition wall is made up from plywood. External wall (masonry wall) is
painted with white colour, 1350 mm height and 150mm thickness.
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Overall condition of the wall in the building is in satisfactory condition where there are no
serious defects detected at the wall. However, as the building functions as an official hall for ITB, it
is highly recommended that the wall should be well insulated with the sound proof insulation and
some altering in design need to be done to minimize sound reflection.
3.2.4 Beam
The building uses teak timber for its beam and from the observation, all beams structure are
recognized as an original structure where there are no additional beams or changes being made.
However, the beam structure above the ceiling level is excluded from the observation due to
inaccessible and unreachable location. Beams in this building are generally in good condition but
minor defect at the beam structure cannot be observed as it is too high to observe.
Figure 11: Beams
Source: Field Study
3.2.5 Floor
Floor in Aula Timur is fully covered by white granite tile with 300mmx300mm in dimension.
Floor for Aula Timur is made up from concrete with 250mm thickness floor slab. There are no
source available to determine whether the floor is originally designed with the tile finishes or there is
renovation have been done to the floor. Floor in this building is generally flat but in the ‘surau’, there
is four drop at the floor, which is 150mm height each.
3.2.6 Staircase
There are 6 staircases in Aula Timur. It is divided into 2 types which are the 1 way staircase
and 2 ways staircase. 5 of them are located at the access doors while the other one is in the
cultural centre store. (Refer Drawing No. BSES2208/ITBAT/DET/04-08: Detail of Staircase.)
Material used in the staircases is concrete, which contains lime and cement. All the staircases are
different to each other. The different of staircases are listed in a table below:
Types Size
Length Width Depth
SC-1 8238 1660 1440
SC-2 2175 1050 790
Table 1: Types of staircases
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Figure 12: Types of staircase at Aula Timur.
Source: Field Study
3.3 OPENINGS
Openings at Aula Timur consist of doors, windows and ventilations. These openings are important
for lighting, ventilation and access into this building.
3.3.1 Door
There are 19 doors in Aula Timur and it is divided into 7 types. 10 doors are played as an
access into the building, while the other 9 doors are inside the building. However, there are 2 doors
at grid B1/6E and B2/5B that are locked and cannot be opened. Types of doors are listed as
follows:
Types Location Size
D1 K/4B 1145 x 2180
D2 F/7A, G/7A, H/7A, H1/7A, J1/7A 950 x 2200
D3 J3/3A, C1/6E 879 x 2200
D4 L/6A 790 x 2200
D5 B1/6E, B1/4A 950 x 2090
D6 N/5, N/6, E/4A, B2/5B 900 x 2200
D7 J2/7, D1/3A, K1/6B, E2/7A 1550 x 2200
Table 2: Types of doors
Figure 13: Types of doors at Aula Timur.
Source: Field Study
3.3.2 Window
Few years ago, this building used fixed timber louvered windows. These kinds of windows are
generally used for latrines and bathrooms of residential and public buildings. These windows were
partly louvered to the wall height. The louvers were arranged at such an inclination that vision is
obstructed while they permit free passage of air. This is achieved by fixing the upper back edge of a
louver higher than the lower front edge of the louver just above it.
Nowadays, Aula Timur has windows that surround the building and this give the building
adequate amount of lighting. It uses glass and they were separated with mine while the frame is
made of timber. As can be seen from observation, at each end of the glass window, these glasses
are well decorated that bonded with the timber frame. These decorative glasses give higher
expectation to the viewers and make this building has higher value for now and in the future.
However, the windows were not maintained properly. This is because there were broken glasses
here and there as it represents a bad view for outsiders.
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Figure 14: Types of windows at Aula Timur.
Source: Field Study
3.3.3 Ventilation
Ventilation is defined as supply of fresh outside air into an enclosed space, or the removal of
inside air from the enclosed space. For building type such as halls, canteens, restaurant and etc.
the minimum rate of fresh air in the building is 30m3 per person per hour to ensure the human
comfort in the building.
In Aula Timur, there is an area about 346mm and 925mm height between the ceiling and
the wall surrounds the building. This area is covered with net and it functions as ventilation to the
building. There are also several holes at the bottom of the walls that played as an access for fresh
air into the building. It is also covered by net. With these ventilation plus low temperature in
Bandung make the occupants of Aula Timur stayed in comfort and fresh although this building does
not have any fan or air-conditioner.
Figure 15: Ventilation holes at the bottom of the wall.
Source: Field Study
3.4 SERVICES
Services provided in Aula Timur are electrical services, piping system and drainage system.
However, inspection works for electrical system faced some problem because there were
inaccessible locations like above the ceiling and locked room.
3.4.1 Electrical system
This building has only one consumer unit located in a room at the south-west of the building.
(Refer Drawing No: BSES2208/ITBAT/DET/03-08: Services Plan). For earthing system, there are
three lighting rods found at the top of the roof top. However, the conductor that directs the lightning
to the ground is not found.
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There is no information about the electrical test or rewiring in this building, but the condition
of electrical power points and wiring circuit is very poor. These shows lack of maintenance services
and no rewiring has been done to this building for the past 20 years. A few power points are not
functioning anymore and some of the electrical wiring is uncovered. The location of the electrical
system can be referred to Drawing No: BSES2208/ITBAT/DET/03-08: Services plan.
3.4.2 Drainage system
Drainage is provided to maintain healthy conditions in the building, to collect and remove
waste matters systematically and to dispose off waste water as early and quickly as possible.
Drainage system for Aula Timur is surrounds the building. Material used in the drains is
concrete and it is covered with cement render. The condition of the drains is very poor. There are
thick soil precipitate in the drain that affects water flow during rainy day. Some parts of the drains
are cracked and broken that make the drains are not functioning well.
3.4.3 Piping system
From the observation, the piping system in this building only consists of gutter and rain
water down pipe. Rain water down pipe is a pipe which carries only the rain water. There is about
40 rain water down pipes surround this building and it is 100mm in diameter. However, the gutters
and rain water down pipes are mostly rusted and broken. Decorative landscape has been planted
near to the gutters and rain water down pipes but it blocked the system.
3.5 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
Construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling. There is lack of
information about the construction techniques for Aula Timur because this building is built in 1918,
which is about 90 years ago. All the aids and methods that have been used to search for the
information were not helping much. Furthermore, the time given for the research is very limited and
not enough to complete the tasks. However, from the observation, interviewing with the people
whom in charge the building and done some research at the library, the construction techniques for
Aula Timur can be predicted.
Figure 16: The construction works on Aula Timur on 1918.
Source: Ben F. van Leerdam, Henri Maclaine Pont architect tussen twee werelden, 1988
The columns in this building were entirely made from teak wood with special joint cut at
certain part of the column for beam and roof construction. The column was also. The major type of
Aula Timur wall is masonry wall type. The wall is constructed by array the clay bricks and attached
them with cement mortar. The wall is plastered before it is painted in white as for its finishes.
Arches in the building are curved structural construction that spans an opening between two
points. There are 25 layers of teak wood arrayed layer by layer and specially designed irons hold
them together before they were tied with bolt and nat. These block arches carry only in-plane forces
that cause the woods to compress tightly together, forming a strong unit. The arches had been
erected by using ropes and bamboo.
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Figure 17: Type of roofs in Indonesia’s houses.
Source: Assorted traditional house (after Indonesian Heritage: Architecture, 1998)
Roof is the most upper part of this building that covered the building to keep out rain, sun
and wind. The roof is framed with widely spaces beams or some form of truss. Kayu sirap were
arranged overlaid to each other until it covered entirely completely the roof.
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CHAPTER 4.0: BUILDING MEASUREMENT
Building measurement were done by measuring all parts of the building to get the actual
size, to give a clear picture of the design, structural and elements of the building. All the data
collected are converted into graphic form.
4.1 METHODOLOGY
There are a few methodologies that have been used in order to complete the building
measurement. Overalls, the methodologies can be divided into 3 main stages.
4.1.1 First stage
First stage started 2 weeks before the measurement. In this period of time, Internet had
become the main source of providing information regarding the work. The information about the
case study has been searched by surfing the internet. Beside that, information about defects in
general also gained from books at library. All the information was gathered to get an early view and
knowledge about Aula Timur.
4.1.2 Second stage
Building measurement and analysis have been done at this stage. A lot of aids have been
used to complete the measurement and analysis. The measurement tools and equipments that
been using during the works are listed in the table as follows with their usage:
NO TOOLS / EQUIPMENTS USAGE
1 Measuring Tape Measuring tape is the most important tool in this
stage of measurement. It is flexible and used to
measure length and give an accurate reading
compared to the other equipment. However, this unit
can’t be used to measure the unreachable points.
2 Laser Dimension Master It uses a narrow ultrasonic beam to measure fast
and efficiently. After aim and press a button, the unit
beeps and the measurement can be easily obtained.
This unit can only be used for 90° angle ceiling level.
3 Distance Meter Distance meter is used for fast and easy
measurements of lengths, squares and volumes. It
is added with trigonometric function and automatic
calculation which is very useful to calculate
unreachable height. However, this tool are more
prone to error compared to measuring tape and the
laser point can’t be seen on very sunny day.
4 Spirit Level Spirit level is designed to indicate whether a surface
is level or plumb. It is used to determine whether the
floor and wall is level or not in order to set a datum
line to avoid error in measurement.
5 Theodolite This equipment is used to determine angle of
targeted point, usually done to determine vertical
height. (Provided by ITB)
6 Tripod Tripod is used to level the theodolite to avoid error in
measurement. (Provided by ITB)
7 Staff Staff is used to determine height from 90° level of
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theodolite to the datum line of the building. It is
provided with bubble vial to avoid plumb positioning.
(Provided by ITB)
8 Magnetic Compass Compass is an instrument containing a freely
suspended magnetic element which displays the
direction of the horizontal component of Earth’s
magnetic field at the point of observation. It is used
to determine the North field of Earth.
9 Binoculars Binoculars are 2 identical or mirror-symmetrical
telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to
point accurately in the same direction, allowing the
viewer to use both eyes when viewing distant
objects. It is very useful to determine the type of
material and condition of unreachable places such
as roof and upper window.
10 Moisture Meter Moisture meter is used to measure the percentage
of water in a substance. When the metal point of the
moisture meter is put to the element, the reading
can be taken automatically. It is very useful to
determine causes of defect.
11 Magnifying Glass Magnifying glass is a convex lens which is used to
produce a magnified image of an object. It is very
useful to analyze and categorize defects such as
crack and wet rot.
Table 3: Measurement tools and equipments.
4.1.3 Third Stage
As all the measurement data’s had been obtained, these data’s were converted into graphic
form. The important aid at this stage is computer aided AutoCAD software to portray plans,
elevations, cross-sections and details. All the measured drawings are listed below and followed by
the drawings.
LIST OF DRAWINGS DRAWING NO
Floor Plan BSES2208/ITBAT/FP/01-08
North Elevation BSES2208/ITBAT/ELEV/02-08
South Elevation BSES2208/ITBAT/ELEV/02-08
East elevation BSES2208/ITBAT/ELEV/01-08
South Elevation BSES2208/ITBAT/ELEV/01-08
Roof Plan BSES2208/ITBAT/RP/01-08
Cross Section A - A BSES2208/ITBAT/SEC/01-08
Cross Section B - B BSES2208/ITBAT/SEC/01-08
Details of Doors BSES2208/ITBAT/DET/01-08
Details of Window BSES2208/ITBAT/DET/02-08
Services Plan BSES2208/ITBAT/DET/03-08
Details of Staircase BSES2208/ITBAT/DET/04-08
Details of Column BSES2208/ITBAT/DET/05-08
Table 4: List of drawings
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