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ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF THE SCIATIC NERVE
DIVISION
Author: GHERMAN IOANA-VASILICA
Coord.: Assistant lecturer dr. COŢOVANU ADRIANProfessor dr. PÁVAI ZOLTÁN
Coauthors: RÁDULY GERGŐAssistant lecturer dr. SZŐLLŐSI ATTILA ROMAN FLAVIA-CRISTINA
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Anatomy of the sciatic
nerve
originates from the lumbosacral plexus
formed in the pelvis by joining anterior divisions of L4, L5, S1, S2 and S3 spinal nerves
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leaves the lesser pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis muscle
usually separates into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve at the superior angle of popliteal fossa
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the bifurcation may occur anywhere between the sacral plexus and popliteal space
variations of bifurcation carries clinical significance
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Material and Method
the subject of this presentation is one formalin-fixed male cadaver from UMF Tg-Mureş
both lower extremities were dissected
gluteal muscles, piriformis m., obturator internus m., superior and inferior gemellus m., quadratus femoris m., vascular and nervous structures were exposed
Piriform m.
Common fibular n.
Tibial n.
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ResultsBilateral variation: sciatic nerve divides into the
pelvis
the common fibular nerve passes superior to piriformis muscle
the tibial nerve passes inferior to piriformis muscle
lateral
medial
TN
CFN
Piriformis m.
CFN
CFN
TN
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Results
TN
Biceps femoris m.
CFN
Gluteus maximus
m.
TN
CFN
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Discussion
different studies show many forms of variations in sciatic nerve division
many authors have attempted classification of high divisions of sciatic nerve
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Beaton & Anson classification considers six different types of higher divisions:
Type 1: Undivided sciatic nerve below undivided piriformis muscle
Type 2: Divisions of sciatic nerve between and below undivided piriformis muscle
Type 3: Divisions above and below undivided piriformis muscle
Type 4: Undivided sciatic nerve between heads
Type 5: Divisions between and above heads
Type 6: Undivided sciatic nerve above undivided piriformis muscle
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Name of investigato
rs
Number of
cadavers
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4
Type 5*
Type 6
Beaton & Anson (1937)
120 84.2%
11.7% 3.3% 0.8%
Beaton (1938)
240 90% 7.1% 2.1% 0.8%
Moore& Dalley
325 12.2% 0.5%
Ugrenovic et al.
100 fetuses
96% 2.5% 1.5%
Sayson et al.
1 One case
Pokorny et al.
91 79.1%
14.3% 4.4% 2.2%
*although mentioned as a division type, not described in any studies that we could acces
Findings of different studies according to Beaton & Anson classification
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Conclusions
this presentation describes an anatomical variation of the sciatic nerve bifurcation and the relation between the common fibular nerve, tibial nerve and piriformis muscle
a bilateral variation found on a formalin-fixed cadaver from the Departament of Anatomy from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tg-Mureş
type 3 of variation according to Beaton & Anson classification
anatomical variations of the sciatic nerve division are important for daily medical practice
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ConclusionsPractical aspects
Sciatic nerve can be injured in: posterior dislocation of hip in fracture of hip jointduring total hip replacement surgery hemiarthroplasty of hip due to intramuscular injections
• Sciatic nerve has a long course it is vulnerable to nerve injury
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The variation in the level of bifurcation of the sciatic nerve should be kept in consideration while performing surgical exploration
Possible failure of anesthesia during sciatic nerve block
Variations may cause nerve compressions under anatomic structures non discogenic sciatica, muscle atrophy
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Bibliography SHAILESH PATEL, MITESH SHAH, RAKESH VORA, ANKUR ZALAWADIA, S. P. RATHOD, A variation in
the high division of the sciatic nerve and its relation with piriformis muscle, National journal of medical research, Vol 1 Issue 2 Oct – Dec 2011, pag.27-30
MUSTAFA GÜVENÇER, CIHAN IYEM, PINAR AKYER, SÜLEYMAN TETIK, SAIT NADERI, Variations in the High Division of the Sciatic Nerve and Relationship Between the Sciatic Nerve and the Piriformis, Turkish neurosurgery 2009, Vol 19, No 2, pag.139-144
MUTHU KUMAR T., SRIMATHI, ANANDA RANI, SUMATHI LATHA, A cadaveric study of sciatic nerve and it’s level of bifurcation, Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2011 December, Vol-5(8) pag.1502-1504
SARITHA S*, PRAVEEN KUMAR M , SUPRIYA G, Anatomical Variations in the Bifurcation of the Sciatic Nerve, A Cadaveric Study and its Clinical Implications, Anat Physio, Vol 2 • Issue 5
ENCIULESCU CONSTANTIN, Anatomy. Limbs 2013, Vol 6, pag.162-164
MOORE KL, DALLEY AF, Clinical oriented anatomy 7th edition, Baltimore Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014, pag.575
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Thank you!Which is Tibial
nerve path?
Piriformis hill
Gemellus
superior hill