Transcript
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    Create Points

    Overview

    In this lesson, you learn how to work with points in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Points are one of the

    most fundamental elements in site development and transportation projects. They can be

    used to represent existing conditions and proposed construction locations. Point data that

    represents existing conditions is usually created from survey data files generated from total

    station survey, GPS, or LiDAR survey equipment.

    Engineers and construction personnel create points required for construction from design

    data. Once a design is completed, engineers extract point data from the design, and then send

    this information to the field for construction staking. Points created during the design areuploaded to GPS and Total Station survey equipment, and used for construction staking.

    In common terms, a point represents a singular location in space. It is usually characterized

    with an X and Y (easting and northing) coordinate pair in two-dimensional (2D) space, or an X,

    Y, and Z (easting, northing, and elevation) coordinate triplet in three-dimensional (3D) space.

    In Civil 3D, points are represented with a point object, which is an intelligent object with the

    following properties:

    Number

    Description

    Elevation

    Northing

    Lesson

    Education Curriculum Student Workbook

    AutoCAD Civil 3D 2011

    3

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    Easting

    Point objects are as shown in the following illustration.

    The Civil 3D point object consists of a marker and a label. The display of the marker is

    controlled with a point style. In this illustration, you can see how different point styles can be

    used to show different types of points. The display of the label is controlled with a point label

    style. Different label styles can be used to show specific point data.

    Objectives

    After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

    Explain how points are used in different phases of an engineering project.

    Describe how to use grips to modify points and point labels.

    Describe which objects can be used to create points in a drawing.

    Import points from an external text file into a drawing.

    Describe how point groups are used to identify characteristics shared by points.

    Explain the function of point tables.

    Create a description key.

    List the guidelines for managing points.

    Create points manually.

    Create point groups.

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    Exercises

    The following exercises are provided in a step-by-step format in this lesson:

    1. Import Points

    2.

    Create Description Keys

    3. Create Points Manually

    4. Create Point Groups

    About Points

    You create points from survey data to generate a base plan drawing and a surface object to

    model the existing conditions. Following the design process, you can also create points from

    Civil 3D object data that can be used for construction staking.

    A point represents a singular location in space with elevation, northing, and eastingcoordinates. It also has properties that represent the point number, a raw (field) description,

    and an expanded (full) description. For modeling existing conditions, points are typically

    imported from a text file or created from the survey database. A Civil 3D point object is shown

    in the following illustration.

    Point marker

    Point number

    Point elevation

    Point description

    Point Uses

    Before the engineering begins, legal surveyors use points to define land parcel boundaries.

    Points represent the corners of property boundaries and are connected with parcel segments

    to define the land parcel. During this process, surveyors also use points to represent

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    horizontal and vertical survey control points. These points are referenced when establishing

    locations for boundary, topographic, and construction surveys.

    Topographic surveyors use points to define existing conditions prior to design and

    construction. Existing conditions are represented with a pre-engineering base plan drawing,

    and an existing ground surface model. The base plan drawing is created with symbols andlinework. Symbols are inserted at spot locations such as catch basins, manholes, and power

    poles. Base plan linework is created by connecting points with similar descriptions, such as

    edge of pavement and bottom of ditch. The existing ground surface model is created from

    points that represent the true topography. Points representing manhole inverts and fire

    hydrant tops are excluded from the existing ground surface model.

    Designers create points on the design model that can be used for construction staking. Points

    created on the design model contain description, coordinate, and elevation data that

    contractors can use to lay out the proposed design for field construction.

    Examples

    The following are examples of how points are used in projects.

    Points are imported from a text file that usually contains point number, northing, easting,

    elevation, and description. If point numbers are not provided in the text file, they are

    automatically created during the import. The following illustration shows an external text file

    with point data.

    Prior to developing a parcel of land, a boundary survey is completed to define the limits of the

    parcel boundary. Surveyors use points to show property corners and survey control locations

    as shown in the following illustration.

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    Points are also used for pre-engineering topographic mapping and the creation of the existing

    ground surface model, as shown in the following illustration.

    Points can also be used for construction purposes. Construction points can be created for road

    gutter lines and uploaded to a data collector for construction staking, as shown in the

    following illustration.

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    Graphically Editing Points with GripsOften points are created in close proximity to each other. This can make it difficult to read the

    data associated with the points. You can use grips to control the positioning of labels and

    other information associated with points.

    The following illustration shows the grips used to control the display of points and points

    labels.

    Rotate point grip

    Toggle subitem grip

    Drag point grip

    Move point grip

    The drag point grip is the square grip that is displayed on the point marker. When you click the

    drag point grip, you can move unlocked points to a new location. The northing and easting

    values for the point are updated based on the new location.

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    Use the drag label grip to reposition the entire point label away from the point object. When

    you use the drag label grip, the point label adopts its dragged state display property.

    Use the toggle subitem grip to display grips for the individual point components. You can then

    move the point components individually.

    Use the green circular rotate point grip to rotate the marker about its insertion point. You canuse this grip to orient symbols to properly align with base plan linework.

    Creating Points

    The most common method for creating points that represent existing conditions is to import

    the points from an external text file, which is usually contains point number, northing, easting,

    elevation and description point data.

    The Create Points toolbar offers many different tools for creating points, and is shown in the

    following illustration:

    Create points manually, and other creation methods

    Create points from horizontal and vertical alignments

    Create points on surfaces and polylines

    Create points from an external text file

    Managing Points

    Points are used in different phases of engineering projects and can be difficult to organize and

    manage. Surveyors and designers sometimes work with thousands of points that have many

    different descriptions. Description keys and point groups are powerful tools that can help

    manage your points. Description keys help automate point layering and symbol insertion,while point groups enable you to collectively manage points with similar characteristics.

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    About Point Groups

    Point groups provide a flexible and convenient way to identify points that share common

    characteristics or points that are used to perform a task, such as creating a surface. Point

    groups can also help control the display of points with certain characteristics during the design

    process.

    You create point groups by defining the characteristics that a point must possess in order to

    be part of the group. For example, you can specify that a point belongs to a point group based

    on its point number, its name, its raw or full description, its elevation, or any combination of

    these parameters. Point group style overrides can be used to assign a point style and label

    style to the point objects.

    The following illustration shows the Point Group dialog box.

    You can control the display of points by assigning a point style and a point label style within a

    point group. In order to do this, however, you must use Point Group Overrides to override the

    assignment of a point style and point label style that was done through either default style

    assignment, manual style assignment, or assignment of styles with description keys.

    Points groups are typically used to organize the points based on major features. For example,

    you would create a point group for an existing water main or existing storm sewers. Best

    practices for the use of description keys and point groups is to use description keys to assign

    the point style and the point label style, and to use point groups to temporarily override these

    style assignments to aid with the design process. When working with a large number of points,

    using many point groups may degrade the performance of the drawing.

    Point Group Examples

    You use point groups to model an existing ground surface. A point group for surface modeling

    would exclude points that do not represent the terrain, such as manhole inverts and tops of

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    fire hydrants. A point group for survey control is useful to see which points make up the

    survey control network.

    Point Tables

    Points can contain critical information that sometimes needs to be displayed in a concise

    format in the drawing area. You can use point table objects to display point data in a table.

    Point tables are often used for showing survey control points or proposed tree planting

    schedules.

    It is sometimes useful to show the point data for survey control in a point table in the drawing

    area, as shown in the following illustration. This makes it easy for construction staff to identify

    monuments and traverse hubs for construction staking.

    Description Keys

    With description keys, you can simplify and standardize the creation of point data in your

    drawings. Description keys automate the base plan creation process.

    For example, when you create points, you can use a description key to assign the point style, a

    point label style, or to place the points on a specific layer. After you create description keys

    using your organization's standards, you can save them as a part of a drawing template (.dwt).

    When you use the template as the starting point for your drawings, the description keys are

    carried forward to the new drawing.

    The following illustration shows how description keys manage imported points.

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    Description Key Functions

    Description keys are organized in description key sets and can be saved in the drawing

    template.

    Description keys are used for the following:

    Alternate Point Descriptions

    Surveyors collect data with field descriptions, also known as raw descriptions. Field

    descriptions are usually abbreviated and can sometimes be numeric. When you assign an

    alternate point description, you can expand on the abbreviated field description to make the

    description more meaningful to those in the office.

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    Point Style

    The point style controls the display of the point node, or marker. The point style can reference

    an AutoCAD block and can be used to display base plan symbols such as catch basins, trees,

    and manholes.

    Point Label Style

    You can label points with elevation only, description only, point number only, or any

    combination of these and other parameters with point label styles.

    Layer

    The layer name is the layer the point is created on.

    Description Key Examples

    An organization can create a single set of description keys and use this set to import data from

    a number of survey companies. For example, a description key set can have entries for the rawdescriptions APPLE* and TREE*. These entries ensure that an appropriate point style and

    other properties are assigned, regardless of whether the source data has a category for each

    specific type of tree or a single generic tree category. Instead of creating a description key set

    for each source of data, a firm can use the same set of description keys any time point data is

    imported.

    Key Terms

    Point A point is a singular location in space. A 2D point is a location on a plane

    and identified with an X, Y coordinate pair. A 3D point adds an elevationcoordinate and is identified with an X, Y, and Z coordinate triplet. Points

    are used to represent existing and proposed features.

    Point Group A point group is a collection of similar points in Civil 3D. Point groups

    can be created using both inclusion and exclusion criteria. You can

    create point groups based on point number range, descriptions,

    graphical selection, and elevation ranges. Point groups are useful for

    manipulating large groups of points with a single edit. You can assign

    point styles and point label styles to point groups. Point groups are

    recommended for surface modeling.

    Point Style The point style controls the display of the point node. You can use

    AutoCAD blocks to create customized point styles for different types of

    points.

    Point Label Style The point label style controls the display of the point label. You can

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    create different point label styles to show different types of point data.

    Raw Description The raw description is the description a surveyor assigns to a point in

    the field. Raw descriptions are abbreviated alpha or numeric

    descriptions. Surveyors prefer these types of descriptions because they

    simplify the actual entry of the description in the field.Full Description The full description is an alternative point description that is assigned to

    a point. The full description expands on the abbreviated or numeric raw

    description assigned by the surveyor. Civil 3D description keys

    automatically assign a full description to a raw description.

    Description Keys Description keys are lookup tables in Civil 3D that automatically assign a

    full description to points. They also automatically assign point styles and

    point label styles to points. Description keys are stored in a description

    key set.

    ManuallyCreated Point

    A manually created point is created using a number of different pointcreation tools. Manually created points can be edited directly and

    appear with a symbol in the point list.

    Reduced

    Coordinates

    Reduced coordinates are created from survey observation data.

    Reduced coordinates indicate northing, easting, and elevation.

    LiDAR Data LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data collection is a method of

    optical scanning that results in the collection of dense point data that

    can be used for surface modeling.

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    Exercise 1: Import Points

    From a Text File

    In this exercise, you import points from an

    external text file to the drawing. The point data

    used in this module was collected by survey

    crews, and reduced to coordinates using

    software on their survey data collectors.

    For this exercise open \I_CreatePoints-

    EX1.dwg (M_CreatePoints-EX1.dwg).

    1. Using Windows Explorer, browse to the

    \Create Pointsfolder.

    2. Open I_topopoints.txt

    (M_topopoints.txt) using a text editor.

    Note the format of the data in the text file.

    The values represent point number,

    northing, easting, elevation, and

    description separated by commas.

    3. Close the text editor.

    Next, you import the points to the

    drawing.

    4. On the ribbon, Home tab, click Points >

    Point Creation Tools.

    The Create Points toolbar opens. This

    toolbar contains commands that enable

    you to create points using a number of

    different methods.

    5. On the Create Points toolbar:

    Click each down arrow to review the

    commands available for creating

    points.

    6. Click Import Points.

    7. In the Import Points dialog box:

    Click and browse to the \CreatePointsfolder.

    In the Select Source File dialog box,

    change Files of Type to *.txt.

    Select I_topopoints.txt

    (M_topopoints.txt).

    Click Open.

    You can create a point group during the

    import process. Point groups are used to

    organize related points in a drawing. Inthis case, you create a point group to

    correlate the points in the drawing with

    the source point file.

    8. In the Import Points dialog box, check

    Add Points to Point Group.

    9. Click to create a new point group.

    10.In the Point File Formats - Create Group

    dialog box, for name, enter Reduced

    Topo Data - Feb 1 2009.

    11.Click OK twice to close the dialog boxes.

    Point objects are created in the drawing.

    12.

    Close the Create Points toolbar.

    13.In Toolspace, Prospector tab, click

    Points:

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    Notice the point data displayed in the item

    view area.

    14.In the item view area, right-click any

    point. Click Zoom To.

    Civil 3D zooms to the selected point(s) in

    the drawing area.

    15.

    In Prospector, right-click Point Groups.

    Click Update.

    The Point Group definitions are updated.

    16.Click any point group. Notice the points

    in the point group are displayed in the

    item view area.

    17.

    Close the drawing. Do not save the

    changes.

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    Exercise 2: Create

    Description Keys

    Description keys are used to automate the

    base plan creation process. Description

    keys are lookup tables that reference

    the point field descriptions (Raw

    Description) to do the following:

    Assign an alternative description

    (Full Description) to the point.

    Assign a point style to each point.

    Assign a point label style to each

    point.

    Assign points to a layer

    Scale and rotate points based on

    additional description parameters.

    For this exercise, open \I_CreatePoints-

    EX2.dwg (M_CreatePoints-EX2.dwg)

    1. In Toolspace, Settings tab, click to

    expand Point and Description Key Sets.

    Notice the existing description key set

    named City of Vancouver.

    2. Right-click City of Vancouver. Click Edit

    Keys.

    3. The Panorama window shows the

    DescKey Editor with the existing

    description keys.

    4. Right-click any column header. Clear

    every column except Code, Style, Point

    Label Style, Format, and Layer.

    It is helpful to show just the information

    you need to work with.

    Next, you optimize the width of the

    columns.

    5. Double-click the headers at the column

    lines to expand the columns for better

    viewing.

    6. Right-click any description key. Click

    New.

    7. A new description key entry, called New

    Desckey, appears in Panorama, and is

    located alphabetically.

    Note: New DescKey may be located at the

    bottom of the list.

    8. Enter the following parameters for the

    new description key:

    For Code, enter CB. Use uppercase.(Note: The description keys may re-

    sort their order).

    Select Style to enable the option.

    Click in the Style cell to the right. In

    the Point Style dialog box, select

    STM CB from the list. Click OK.

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    In the Point Label Style cell, select

    the check box. Click in the Point

    Label Style cell to pick the Point

    Label Style. In the Point Label Style

    dialog box, select Description Only

    from the list. Click OK.

    For Format, enter CATCH BASIN.

    This is the full description that is

    assigned to the point.

    Press ENTER.

    9. Click the green check mark to close the

    Panorama window and save the

    changes.

    A description key has been created that

    references the raw description CB. When

    points are created with this description,

    the STM CB point style and Description

    Only label style are assigned to the points.

    10.Close the drawing. Do not save the

    changes.

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    Exercise 3: Create Points

    Manually

    In this exercise, you add catch basin points

    on the curb returns of an existing

    intersection.

    You may need to add points manually if

    survey data is incomplete. The location ofmanually created points is often identified

    by a position relative to two other points,

    or a position relative to an intersection

    curb return.

    For this exercise open \I_CreatePoints-

    EX3.dwg (M_CreatePoints-EX3.dwg).

    1. In Toolspace, Prospector tab, click

    Points.

    2.

    In the item view area, click the PointNumber column header a few times to

    sort the points by point number, in

    ascending order.

    Now navigate the drawing to the area in

    question.

    3. In the item view area, at the bottom of

    Prospector, scroll down to point 732.

    This is a point near the middle of the

    intersection.

    4. In the item view area, right-click 732.

    Click Zoom To.

    Notice points 741and 742 on the left side

    of the intersection. Also notice points 606

    and 607 on the right side of the

    intersection.

    Catch basin points are required on the

    curb returns midway between these

    points.

    You create these points next, using the

    midpoint object snap.

    5. On the ribbon, Home tab, click Points >

    Point Creation Tools.

    6.

    On the Create Points toolbar, clickManual.

    7. With your cursor in the drawing area,

    press SHIFT+right-click. Click Midpoint.

    8.

    To create the first catch basin:

    Hold the mouse over the polyline

    running between points 741 and

    742, and click.

    When prompted for a point

    description, enter CB.

    Press ENTER.

    When prompted to specify a point

    elevation, enter 275.83(84.07 m)

    Press ENTER.

    9. Repeat the steps above to add a catch

    basin between points 606 and 607. Use

    275.9(84.05 m) for the elevation.

    10.Press ENTER to end the command.

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    Two catch basin points are created. Notice

    that the point style shows the catch basin

    symbol, and the point label style shows

    just the description.

    The CB description key assigns the CatchBasin point style, the Description Only

    point label style and CATCH BASIN as the

    full description.

    You now remove the label.

    11.In the drawing area, click the two catch

    basin points to select them.

    12.Right-click. Click Edit Points.

    The two points are displayed in the

    Panorama window.

    13.To edit the point label style:

    In Panorama, using the SHIFT key,

    select the two points.

    Scroll to the right.

    Right-click the Point Label Style

    column header.

    Click Edit.

    In the Select Label Style dialog box,

    select _No Display.

    Click OK.

    Notice that the point label is no longer

    displayed.

    Next, you adjust the rotation of the catch

    basins to align them with the pavement

    edges.

    14.In the drawing area, click a catch basin

    point.

    15.Click the green circular grip.

    16.Rotate the point so the symbol aligns

    with the pavement edge.

    17.Click again to release the point.

    18.Experiment with the drag label, and

    toggle subitem grips to control the

    position of the point labels.

    19.Close the drawing. Do not save the

    changes.

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    Exercise 4: Create Point

    Groups

    Site development projects usually involve

    thousands of points. These points are used

    for a number of civil engineering tasks

    including survey data reduction, base plan

    creation, design, and construction. Point

    data management becomes a task itself.

    Point groups are used to organize points

    based on common properties. You can

    create point groups using a number of

    different criteria including description,

    point number, graphical selection, and

    elevation ranges.

    You can even create point groups from

    other point groups.

    One of the more common uses for point

    groups is for surface definition. In this

    exercise, you organize point data by

    creating point groups.

    For this exercise open \I_CreatePoints-

    EX4.dwg (M_CreatePoints-EX4.dwg).

    1. In Toolspace, Prospector tab, click to

    expand Point Groups.

    Notice the _All Points point group. Thispoint group always exists, is not editable,

    and contains all of the points in the

    drawing.

    There are also other point groups defined in

    the drawing. These originated in the

    drawing template used to create this

    drawing.

    2.

    In the item view area, adjust thecolumns so that you see Point Number,

    Northing, Easting, Raw Description, and

    Full Description.

    3. Click the Raw Description column

    header to sort the list by Raw

    Description.

    4. Scroll down to the edge of pavement

    shots.

    The edge of pavement shots have a rawdescription of EPL and EPR.

    Next, you create a point group for the

    existing pavement edges that includespoints with the EPR and EPL descriptions.

    5. Right-click Point Groups. Click New.

    6. In the Point Group Properties dialog

    box, Information tab:

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    For Name, enter Existing Pavement

    Edges.

    Click Apply.

    Click the Raw Desc Matching tab.

    7.

    On the Raw Desc Matching tab, for

    Code, select EP*. A check mark is

    displayed next to the option.

    The Raw Desc Matching tab shows entries

    in the description key set. It is easier to

    create point groups when a description

    key set exists.

    8. On the Include tab, notice that With

    Raw Descriptions Matching is toggled on

    and that there is an EP* entry.

    Alternatively, you could go directly to the

    Include tab. Select With Raw Descriptions

    Matching. Enter EP*.

    The asterisk (*) is a wild card indicating

    that all descriptions with an EP prefix are

    included. Alternatively, you could enter

    EPR, EPL.

    9. Click the Point List tab.

    Note that the points with

    descriptions EPL and EPR are

    included in the point group.

    Click OK.

    In Prospector, a new point group is

    created and appears under Point Groups.

    10.Right-click Existing Pavement Edges.

    Click Properties.

    11.Explore the Point Group Properties

    dialog box. Click Cancel.

    12.Right-click Existing Pavement Edges.

    Note the other menu options.There are many functions that you can

    perform on a collection of related points.

    Next, you create a point group for surface

    modeling. For this point group, an

    exclusion criterion is used to exclude

    certain points from the surface model.

    These points are the monuments, lead

    plugs, and fire hydrants. The elevations of

    these points are not suitable for surfacemodeling because they do not adequately

    represent the existing terrain elevation.

    13.In Prospector, right-click Point Groups.

    Click New.

    14.In the Point Group Properties dialog

    box, Information tab, for Name, enter

    EG Surface.

    15.On the Exclude tab:

    Select the With Raw DescriptionsMatching option.

    Enter MON*, LP, FH*.

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    16.On the Point List tab, note that these

    points are not in the list. Click OK.

    17.Close the drawing. Do not save the

    changes.

    Assessment

    Challenge Exercise

    Instructors provide a master or challenge exercise for students to do based on this lesson.

    Questions

    1. Name three methods for creating points in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

    2.

    What controls the display of the point node?

    3. What controls the display of the point label?

    4. Why would an engineer use point groups on a civil engineering project?

    5. What is a common use for point groups?

    6. Name three criteria you can use to create a point group.

    7. Explain the difference between raw and full point descriptions.

    8. Name three specific functions of description keys.

    9. Explain why an engineer would want to use description keys.

    10.When you select a point graphically, a square grip and circular grip appear. Explain the

    significance of these grips.

    Answers

    1. To create points in Civil 3D, you can manually create points, import points from an external

    text file, or you can create points from a survey database.

    2. The point style controls the display of the point node.

    3. The point label style controls the display of the point annotation.

    4.

    A civil engineering project typically involves thousands of points. Point groups enableengineers to organize points with similar characteristics.

    5. A common use for point groups is surface modeling.

    6. You can create a point group using point number ranges, descriptions, and elevation ranges.

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    7. Surveyors use a raw description to assign descriptions to points. The raw description is

    usually an abbreviated or numeric description. The full description is used in the office and

    expands on an abbreviated raw description.

    8. Description keys assign point styles, point label styles, and alternate or full descriptions to

    points.

    9. Description keys assist with the automatic creation of the pre-engineering base plan.

    10.The square grip is the Drag Label grip. This grip enables you to drag the entire label away

    from the point. The circular grip is the Toggle Subitem grip. This grip enables individual grips

    for the point attributes. The individual grips enable you to drag individual attributes away

    from a point. The second circular grip is the Rotate Point grip, which is useful for rotating

    the point marker symbol.

    Lesson Summary

    In this lesson, you learned how to work with points in AutoCAD Civil 3D. At the beginning ofthe lesson, you imported points from an external text file.

    You then created description keys to automatically assign a point style, assign a point label

    style, and assign an alternate description. The final steps involved manually creating points,

    adjusting the point orientation, and creating point groups.

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