Download - Automatic Doors (Font 20[2003])
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Group member:
WAN MUHAMMAD HADI BIN WAN ROSLEY
WAN NUR AFIFI BIN WAN RUSLAN
YEO CHIN CHENG
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DEFINITION:
Doors that can open and close independently without the need of
users contact, which utilizes the use of controlling devices, moving
parts andnsensors.
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Types of Automatic Doors
- Swinging type, sliding type,
folding type, revolving type
and etc
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How They Work
To operate, every automatic door requires a Door Control System
that can sense certain conditions in and nearthe doorway. In the majority of todays applications, the sensing tasks are
performed by various combinations of two devices:
(1) Motion detectors
(2) Presence detectors
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Motion Detectors Presence Detectors
Motion detectors are used
to determine if a person hasentered the Activation Zone.
Once motion is detected, an
open command is sent to
the doorwhich then
automatically opens thedoorway.
Presence detectors are
used towatch a given area to
decide if,
due to safety concerns, there
are any reasons the door
should not beopened or should be kept
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The mechanism of automatic
doorsA person approaches the Activation Zone
His motion detected by the motion detector
The controller sends signal to open the doorand the presence sensor is triggered at the
same time
The presence sensor detects the presence ofthe person and the door is kept opened
When the presence sensor no longer detectsthe person, the controller will give instruction to
close the door
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Motion Detectors Motion detectors are devices that contains physical mechanism or
electronic sensor that quantifies motion that can be either integrated
with or connected to other devices that alert the user of the presence
of a moving object within the field of view.
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Motion DetectorsCombination of the 3 sensors:
Passive infrared Sensor (PIR)
Microwave Sensor
Ultrasonic Sensor
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Motion DetectorsActive motion sensors
Emit energy into the surrounding and detects thechanges in energy after being reflected by thesurrounding
Example: Active infrared, Microwave, UltrasonicSensor
Passive motion sensors Do not emit energy but only detect energy
emitted by the surrounding
Example: Passive infrared Sensor
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Presence Detectors Presence sensors are switching devices that
respond to the presence and absence of people in
the sensor's field of view.
The system consists of a motion detector, an
electronic control unit, and a controllable switch
(relay).
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Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) PIR is a type a pyroelectric sensor that detects the rapid changes in
the overall amount of infrared light in a scene
PIR does not detect motion, but only focuses on the difference of
temperature
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Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) Slow, overall changes in the amount of infrared light,
such as would occur when the sun goes behind a
cloud or a room heats up, should not trigger the
sensor
The sudden change caused by a human being
entering the sensor's field of view should trigger the
sensor.
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Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR)Case 1: PIR
A passive infrared motion detector has been installed and it is ready
to monitor an activation zone. The average room temperature of the
area being monitored is 68 degrees Fahrenheit. Now imagine that aperson with a body temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit emerges
the scene. The passive infrared motion detector will pick up on the
sudden increase in temperature and in doing so will trigger the
system to open the door.
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Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) Basically, when a person emerges a scene, the
changes in temperature is an indication that there
are motions going on in the surrounding
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Microwave Motion Sensor Microwave motion detector sends out pulses of
wave into a surrounding to detect motion.
It monitors for Doppler shifts in wave energyreflected from the scene.
A Doppler shift is a change in frequency of a wave
that is reflected from or emitted by a moving object
or is measured by a moving observer
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Microwave Motion SensorAs in the motion-detection case, the detector is
stationary, any frequency shift in waves reflected
from the scene must result from the motion of
objects in the scene.
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Ultrasonic Motion Sensor Ultrasonic motion detector uses sound frequency
in motion detection.
Sounds that cannot normally be heard aretransmitted into an area: when motion occurs, it
disturbs the frequency of the sound waves and can
be identified by the sensor
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There are three important parts in the passive infra-red sensor
which is:-
Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor,
Infrared Fresnel lens
Machined enclosure for mounting our Fresnel lens
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Pyroelectric infrared
sensor
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Pyroelectric infra-red sensors The pyroelectric sensor is made of a crystalline material that produce
infrared radiation.
When the amount of radiation changes, the amount of charge also
changes and then be measured with a FET device built in the sensor.
The sensor elements are sensitive to radiation so a filter window isadded to limit incoming radiation.
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Infra-red fresnel lens
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A Fresnel lens is a Plano Convex lens that has been collapsed on
itself to form a flat lens.
The Fresnel lens is made of an infrared transmitting material that has
an specific IR transmission range.
It is designed to have its grooves facing the IR sensing element sothat a smooth surface is presented to the subject side of the lens.
Infra-red fresnel lens
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Ultrasonic Sensor Structure
1. Sensor Body
2. Front Cover
3. Spring Clips for installation two clips a and b
4. Wires Connector
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Principle of operations of
Ultrasonic Sensors Ultrasonic sensors activate a quartz crystal that emits
ultrasonic waves.
The sensor then senses the frequency of the reflected waves.
If there is motion, the reflected wave's frequency will shift
slightly. Ultrasonic sensors operate at frequencies that are above
human sensitivity.
Ultrasonic sensors are very sensitive to
movement.
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Microwave sensor
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Doppler motion detector units, or microwave sensors, operate at
frequencies of 10 Mhz.
They utilize a doppler radar signal which bounces microwaves off of
an object, then measures the frequency of the returning microwaves.
If an object is moving in the sensor's field, the returning microwave
will be at a different frequency, higher or lower than the original
signal transmitted.
Microwave sensors offer a greater distance of coverage and are
more reliable at greater distances. Microwaves can also penetratewalls which means these security sensors can be placed behind
objects.
Principle Operation Of
Microwave Sensor
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CIRCUIT OF ULTRASONIC
MOTION DETECTOR POWER SUPPLY
9 volt battery,B1 provides power for some sections,also connected to
a 7805L regulator,IC3.
5 volt-DC power source provides power for other sections of thecircuit.
Transmitter Section
Basically a crsytal-controlled relaxation oscillator built around a 4049
hex inverter,IC2
One of the 4049 sections,IC2-c,along resistor R21 and R22,andcapacitors C11 and C12,pingsthe 40 kHz crystal into sustained
oscillation
Linear buffers,BZ2,to drive 40 kHz ultrasonic transmitting transducer
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CIRCUIT OF ULTRASONIC
MOTION DETECTORRECEIVER SECTION Made up of four AC-coupled stages
Each one built around one of four sections of LM324 op-amp
First Stage
The input voltage developed across R1 and R2 is modulated by 40kHz,ultrasonic receiving transducer,BZ1,and is then fed to IC1-a
The receiving transducer detects any reflected sound produced bythe transmitting transducer,BZ
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CIRCUIT OF ULTRASONIC
MOTION DETECTORSecond Stage
IC1-b,recovered signal is again amplifier
The output of the second stage is a DC level that represent the
strengh of the envelope If there is movement,the envelope will reflect it in form of a positive or
negative signal.
Third Stage
A differential amplifier built around IC1-c,there are two diodes,D2 andD3
They detect negative and positive signal.
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Fourth Stage Fourth Stage
Built around IC1-d,is step up as monostable flip-flop
Converts any signal that gets through the filter into a pulse
substantial enough to turn on transistor Q1 When Q1 conducts,LED1 turns on and an output signal is provide to
drive a separate relay or any other device connected to the circuit
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PIR This motion detector circuit will both detect motion and indicate
direction that an infrared emitting body is moving.
Potentiometer R10 is a sensitivity adjustment to vary the detection
range
The first single shot to receive a trigger input from IC1C or IC1D will
turn its output on to indicate the direction of detection and will also
inhibit the other single shot
Potentiometer R15 adjusts the amount of time that an output reminds
on after motion is detected
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ADVANTAGES Sensors afford certain inherent advantages over other competing
detection methods.
High sensitivity
Low Cost Stable against electromagnetic inteferrence
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DISADVANTAGES PIRs do not detect motion,but relatively rapid changes in the overall
amount of infrared light in a scene.
PIR sensors fail to detect intruder movement that is primarily towards
or away from the sensor, rather than across its field of view.
PIR sensors can fail to detect intruder movement that is slow.
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APPLICATIONS Car Alarm System Use Microwave Sensors
-This device will detect movement inside the vehicle by means of
transmitting a very low power microwave signal.
- The signal being emitted will be balloon shapes and horizontal indirection which makes this device suitable for all types of vehicles
especially convertibles.
Infrared Motion Detector Alarm
-Motion detector alarm uses a passive infrared technology to
protect a room from intruders.-Producing an infrared 80 degree angle of coverage, the motion
alarm creates an unseen barrier that's impossible to penetrate
at up to 30' away without setting off the 80 db alarm siren.
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CONCLUSION In the appliance of automatic door sensor,it use two types of sensor
which are motion detector and presence detector.
Inside motion detector there are three types of detectors which are
passive infrared sensor,motion sensor and microwave sensor.
All the types of sensor has different characteristic in the application
for automatic door sensor.
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Reference Page 2,3,4,5 www.mssedco.com/door.html Page 7,8,9,12
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detector#searchInput#searchInput
Page 10http://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.html
Page13,17http://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.html#66099#66099
Page 11,15,16
http://www.espionageinfo.com/Lo-Mo/Motion-Sensors.html
http://www.mssedco.com/door.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detectorhttp://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.htmlhttp://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://articles.directorym.com/Motion_Detectors-a581.htmlhttp://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.htmlhttp://www.lightsearch.com/resources/lightguides/sensors.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detectorhttp://www.mssedco.com/door.html