Download - Back and ab (part 1)
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ESS 3092: KINESIOLOGY Week 6
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+ Back and Abdomen
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+Shoulder Girdle - Posterior
Trapezius
Rhomboid major & minor
Levator Scapulae
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TrapeziusOrigin spinous process (T), skull
Insertion lateral clavicle, acromion
process, scapular spine
Location posterior
Movements elevation (upper &
middle), depression (lower) retraction (adduction) upward rotation (middle &
lower)
p. 66
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Rhomboid Major & Minor
Origin spinous process (C7, T1-
5)
Insertion medial border of scapula
Location posterior/medial
Movements downward rotation elevation retraction
p. 69
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Levator Scapulae
Origin transverse processes
(C)
Insertion Superior angle of
scapula
Location posterior
Movements elevation (primary)
retraction, downward rotation (assists)
p. 68
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+Trunk & Spinal Column
Chapter 12
Bones & bony landmarks
Joint Structure
Movements
Muscles surrounding the joint
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+Vertebral Column
One of most complex parts protects spinal cord
24 articulating vertebrae
5 regoins 4 curves; support
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+Curves
absorption of shock
Cervical support head
Thoracic present at birth
Lumbar develops: wt bearing
Sacrococcygeal fused
Posterior Convex
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Bony Landmarks
spinous process transverse processbodyodontoid
process/dens skeleton
superior & inferior articular process
C
T
L
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Thoracic Cavity RIBS
true (7)
false (5)
floating (2)
costal cartilage
STERNUM
manubrium
body costal facets
xiphoid process
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Key Bony Landmarks
Neck muscles Mastoid process Cervical (spinous & transverse) Thoracic (spinous & transverse) Manubrium Clavicle (medial)
Posterior spine muscles Cervical (spinous & transverse) Thoracic (spinous & transverse) Posterior ribs
Anterior trunk muscles Xiphoid process Ribs Costal cartilage (ribs) Iliac & pubic crest
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+ Vertebral ColumnCervical Joints
Atlanto-occipital Occipital condyles, 1st vertebrae Flexion, extension (sag)
Atlanto-axial Atlas (C1), axis (C2) Rotation
Pivot-joint Most mobile
Odontoid Process
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VERTEBRAL COLUMN Joints
Articulation b/w vertebral bodiesAnterior segment
Vertebral bodies (cartilaginous) Intervertebral disc
Posterior segment (gliding) Transverse & spinous processes Intervertebral joints
T L
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+Intervertebral Disc
Bears & distributes load
Mobility
Nucleus pulposus 75-90% water
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+ Vertebral Movement
Greatest mobility one curve ends then next begins
Exaggerated curve (vs flat & rigid) increased mobility flat back – loss of lumbar lordosis
Cervical & lumbar most mobile
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+Vertebral Movement
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18
Layers of the Intrinsic Back Muscles Superficial Layer
Both Splenius muscles
Intermediate Layer Erector Spinae (bilateral
and ipsilateral action) Designated by region
from medial to lateral Designated by insertion
Deep Layer Interconnect and stabilize
the vertebra Small muscles that make
fine adjustments to vertebra
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VERTEBRAL COLUMN Muscles
CERVICAL
LUMBAR
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+ Cervical Muscles
Capitis originate C vertebrae insert occipital bone
Anterior- flexors lateral flexion
Posterior – extensors Rotation lateral flexion
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+Neck - Cervical
Largest & most powerful Sternocleidomastoid (pg 279) Lateral Splenius- 2 (pg 281) Posterior
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SternocleidomastoidOrigin Sternal manubrium,
medial clavicle
Insertion Mastoid process of
temporal bone
Location: Lateral
Movements Flexion Lateral (ipsilateral)
flexion Rotation
(contralateral)
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Splenius CapitisOrigin (inferior)
Spinous process of C7-T4
Insertion Mastoid process & occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements Cervical Spine: Extension Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral
flexion
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24+Splenius Capitis
Synergist: Semispinalis capitis and cervicis, Splenius cervicis, Spinalis cervicis, Interspinales, Longissimus cervicis, Iliocostalis cervicis
Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others
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25+Splenius Cervicis
O: Lig nuchae (T3-C6)
I: Transverse process of C1-C4
Location: Posterior
Movements Cervical Spine: Extension Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion
Synergist: Semispinalis capitis Spinalis
cervicis, Interspinales
Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others
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Semispinalis
Origin Transverse processes of
C4-T7
Insertion Occipital bone
Location: Posterior
Movements Cervical Spine:
Extension Contralateral rotation
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Trunk - Lumbar
Anterior Rectus Abdominis External Oblique Internal Oblique
Posterior Erector Spinae
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+ 29
Divisions of the sacrospinalis (aka Erector spinae)
Lateral Column. Intermediate Column. Medial Column. Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis. (a) I. lumborum. (a) L. dorsi. (a) S. dorsi. (b) I. dorsi. (b) L. cervicis. (b) S. cervicis. (c) I. cervicis. (c) L. capitis. (c) S. capitis.
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Erector Spinae (sacrospinalis)
Origin Sacrum, spinous
processes of lower two thoracic & all lumbar
Insertion Transverse and spinous
processes as well as ribs and skull
Location: Posterior
Movements (spine) Extension (C & L) Ipsilateral flexion
(C & L)
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis
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+Erector Spinae
Muscle is thickest in S & L regions most movement
Controls forward flexion
Extension of trunk
Posterior stability posture
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Rectus AbdominisOrigin
Pubic crest
Insertion Cartilage of ribs 5-
7, xiphoid process
Location: anterior
Movements (LS) Trunk flexion
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Rectus Abdominis
Controls Post pelvic tilt &
curvature LS Flattens lower back What effect does this have
on erector spinae & hip flexors? more effective
Definition 3 depressions
area of tendinous connective tissue
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External ObliqueOrigin
Lateral side of ribs 5-12
Insertion Anterior iliac crest,
pubic crest
Location: Lateral/Anterior
Movements Flexion (together) Ipsilateral flexion Contralateral rotation
(independently)
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Internal ObliqueOrigin
Anterior iliac crest and inguinal ligament
Insertion Cartilage of ribs 8-
10 and linea alba
Location: anterior/medial
Movements Flexion Ipsilateral flexion Fiber direction
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36+Internal Obliques
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37+What functions do the anterior trunk muscles play?
In what order from superficial to deep are these layers?
Functions: Flexion (forward and lateral) Rotation
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38+Transverse abdominus
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39+Transverse abdominis
Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, lower 6 ribs, iliac crest
Insertion: Pubis, abdominal aponeurosis
Functions: Forced expiration Spinal stabilization Compression of abdominal viscera Expulsion of abdominal contents, including but not limited
to babies!
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40+Exercise
Find: Acromian Process
Cocochoid process
Greater tubercle
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Spine of scapula
Inferior angle of scapula
Iliac crest
C7 and L1