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BARCODE AND FISH DIVERSITY IN AMAZONIA: THE BARCODE AND FISH DIVERSITY IN AMAZONIA: THE CASE OF THE ELECTRIC FISH TRIBE STEATOGENINICASE OF THE ELECTRIC FISH TRIBE STEATOGENINI
Alves-Gomes, J. A. & Schmitt, R.Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil
ABBI and FISH-BOL Neotropical Working Group MeetingBuenos Aires, March 14-16, 2007
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Anotophysi Otophysi
Ostariophysi
Cypriniformes Characiformes Siluriformes GymnotiformesGonorhynchiformes
Series
Superorder
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GYMNOTIFORM’S ELECTROGENIC AND ELECTROSENSORY SYSTEMS (EES)
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GYMNOTIFORMES
6
PU
LS
E T
YP
E
ELECTROPHORIDAE
RHAMPHICHTHYIDAE
HYPOPOMIDAE
GYMNOTIDAE
A. Batistella, 2003
R. Bernhard, 2003 LFC - 2002
LFC - 2002
WA
VE T
YP
E
R. Bernhard, 2003http://www.amazonian-fish.co.uk/indexster.html
http://www.amazonian-fish.co.uk/indexster.html
EIGENMANNIDAE
STERNOPYGIDAE APTERONOTIDAE
ELECTRIC ORGAN DISCHARGES (EODs)
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EODs are species specificEODs are species specific
Crampton & Hopkins 2005
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HypopygusSteatogenys
Distocyclus
ArcholaemusEigenmannia
SternarchorhamphusOrthosternarchus
SternarchellaSternarchogiton
AdontosternarchusA. leptorhynchus
A. albifrons
Rhabdolichops
BrachyhypopomusMicrosternarchus
RhamphichthysGymnorhamphichthys
Sternopygus
Electrophorus
Gymnotus
Eigenmanniidae
Apteronotidae
Hypopomidae
Ordem Siluriformes
Sternopygidae
ElectrophoridaeGymnotidae
FamilyGenera
Rhamphichthyidae
Phylogeny of Gymnotiformes
Steatogenini
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Hypopygus lepturusHoedeman 1962
Steatogenys elegans
Steatogenys duidae
Steatogenini until the early 90’s
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Nijssen & Isbrüker 1972
Color patterns in Hypopygus
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Hypopygus neblinaeMago-Leccia 1994
Hypopygus lepturusHoedeman 1962
Steatogenys
Steatogenini during the 90’s
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Hypopygus neblinaeMago-Leccia 1994
Hypopygus lepturusHoedeman 1962
Stegostenopos cryptogenesTriques 1997
Steatogenys
Steatogenini during the 90’s / today
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Phylogeography in the rio Negro Basin
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STUDY AREA – COLLECTION SITES
(Fonte: SigLab, Imagem de Satélite – Mr. Sid)
Iru
rab
iIb
ará
Ca
rab
ixi
Ja
rad
i
Ma
ba
rrá
Iah
á
Qu
imic
uri
Ad
uiá
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21a
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8eR. Bernhard, 2004
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Steatogenys sp.
Hypopygus lepturus
Stegostenopos cryptogenes
R. Bernhard, 20048a
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DNA ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES:
• Maximum Parsimony (MP)
• Maximum Likelihood (ML)
• Distance
RAG 1
D
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AC
D
Steatogenys
H. lepturus
RAG 1
MP/ML/DistStegostenopus
Hypopygus neblinae
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12S16S Strict of
ML/MP/Dist
A
C
ED
H. neblinae
Stegostenopus
Steatogenys
H. l
eptu
rus
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DE
H. neblinae
S. elegans
H.
lep
turu
s
D-loop MP/HKY85/ML 2781
2845
2876
2885
2792
2791
D-loop MP/ML/Dist
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-Is COI a good gene to detect Is COI a good gene to detect the variation in electric fish?the variation in electric fish?
- Can we BARCODE them?- Can we BARCODE them?
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Eigenmannia sp.
COI - BARCODE MP
H. l
eptu
rus
A2781
2845
C 2792
2791
D
E
H. neblinae
Stegostenopus
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Final considerationsFinal considerations- The Amazon fish biodiversity has been historically The Amazon fish biodiversity has been historically
underestimated; underestimated; - COI can detect the intra- and inter-specific variation in COI can detect the intra- and inter-specific variation in
Steatogenini;Steatogenini;- Therefore, COI appears to be an efficient marker for Therefore, COI appears to be an efficient marker for
electric fish species identification: we can BARCODE electric fish species identification: we can BARCODE electric fish;electric fish;
- The link between a padronized method (Barcode), The link between a padronized method (Barcode), biological collections and data management can biological collections and data management can benefit our general knowledge about biodiversity;benefit our general knowledge about biodiversity;
- BARCODE can be a important tool for biodiversity and BARCODE can be a important tool for biodiversity and conservation issues;conservation issues;
- CNPq funds for a project to barcode electric fish.CNPq funds for a project to barcode electric fish.
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Irurabi
Ibará
Carabixi
Jaradi
Quimicuri
Aduiá
Mabarrá
Iahá
Quimicuri Mabarrá Carabixi Irurabi Ibará Jaradí Iahá Aduia
A 3 4 12 7 18 20 3 7 74
B 0 3 0 8 3 0 6 0 20
C 18 7 1 0 0 1 0 14 41
Total 21 14 13 15 21 21 9 21 135
LocalidadeLinhagem Total
49