Download - Basic Construction Equipments
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
1/96
Construction Machinery
inCivil Engineering Projects
P&CM-Design Class(4thsemester)
1
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
2/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
3/96
Excavators3
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
4/96
Excavators are heavy constructionequipment consisting of a boom, bucket andcab on a rotating platform (known as thehouse)
The house sits atop an undercarriage withtracks or wheels.
The design is a natural progression fromsteam shovel
4
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
5/96
A steam shovelFell out of use in 1930s
5
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
6/96
6
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
7/96
USES OF EXCAVATOR
Digging of trenches, holes, foundations
Material handling
Demolition
General grading/landscapingHeavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes
Mining
Riverdredging
Driving piles, in conjunction with a Pile Driver
Clearing roads (ways) after storms, landslides etc.
7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dredginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_Driverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_Driverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pile_Driverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dredginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench -
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
8/96
Excavation of Earth
8
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
9/96
Demolition of Existing Structures
9
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
10/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
11/96
Materialhandling
11
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
12/96
Types of Excavators
Hydraulic Shovel-Upward Motion Hydraulic Hoe-Downward Arc
12
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
13/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
14/96
Built by KRUPP of Germany
45,500 tons
95 meters height
215 meters long
Worlds biggest excavator
14
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
15/96
Worlds biggest excavator
15
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
16/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
17/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
18/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
19/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
20/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
21/96
21
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
22/96
Terex Titan by General Motors 1973
22
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
23/96
Special Mega
Dumpers
23
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
24/96
Belly Dump Trailer
24
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
25/96
Rollers25
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
26/96
A roller (sometimes also known as thecompactor roller or Compactor) is anEngineering Vehicle used to compact
soil, gravel, concrete or Asphalt in theconstruction of roads and foundations,Roadway Sub-grades/bases, Earth-fill
Dams.
26
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
27/96
A horse drawn road roller from 1800s 27
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
28/96
Steam Roller (till 1950s in America) 28
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
29/96
29
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
30/96
Advantages of Compaction
Obtaining a greater soil unit weight.
Reduction or prevention of settlement.
Increase in strength. Improve bearing capacity.
Control volume changes
Lower permeability
30
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
31/96
Types of Rollers
1. Walk behind Vibratory rollers.
2. Smooth drum vibrating rollers.
3. Sheep foot rollers.4. Tamping Rollers.
5. Pneumatic-tired rollers
31
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
32/96
1. Walk behind Vibrating rollers
Small walk behind vibrating rollers havewidth in range of 24 to 38 in
These rollers are specially designed fortrench work, for working in confined areasand for working in areas near walls.
It is preferred that their drum extends
beyond the sides of roller body, so thatcompaction adjacent to the walls can beachieved.
32
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
33/96
Walk Behind Roller
33
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
34/96
2. Smooth drum vibrating rollers
Can be used on all soil types except forrocky soils.
Vibration normally varies from 1000 to5000 per min.
100% coverage under the wheel
Contact pressure up to 380 kPa
34
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
35/96
Smooth Drum Roller 35
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
36/96
3. Sheep-foot Rollers
Has many round or rectangular shapedprotrusions or feet attached to a steeldrum
They have steel wheels equipped withcylindrical pads normally not less than 10
in length.
8% ~ 12 % coverage
Contact pressure is from 1400 to 7000 kPa
It is best suited for clayed soils.
36
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
37/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
38/96
4. Tamping Rollers
The rollers usually have four steel paddedwheels and can be equipped with a blade tohelp level the lift.
Both Sheep foot and Tamping rollers cantadequately compact the upper 2 to 3 in of lift.
About 40% coverage
Contact pressure is from 1400 to 8400 kPa It is best for compacting fine-grained soils
(silt and clay).
38
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
39/96
Tamping Roller
39
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
40/96
SHEEPSFOOT VS TAMPING ROLLER
No fluffing of soil
Kicking up orfluffing of soil
Roller
Sheepsfoot Roller
Roller
Tamping Roller
40
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
41/96
5. Pneumatic-tired Rollers
Each unit has two tandem axles with four to fivewheels on each axle.
The rear tires are spaced to cover the surface leftby front tires to give complete coverage.
Small tired units are generally suited for granularbase material while large tired units can compactall types of soil to greater depth.
80% coverage under the wheel
Contact pressure up to 700 kPa Can be used for both granular and fine-grainedsoils.
41
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
42/96
Pneumatic tired roller
42
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
43/96
Dozers43
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
44/96
Dozers or Bulldozers are Tractor
vehicles equipped with substantial metalplate (known as blade) used to push(Dozing) large quantities of sand, soil,
rubble etc and land clearing. duringconstruction, and typically equipped atrear with a clawlike device (known as
ripper) to loose densely compactedmaterial.
44
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
45/96
Blade45
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
46/96
Ripper
46
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
47/96
Classification of Dozers
Crawler type
Wheel type
47
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
48/96
Crawler Dozer
48
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
49/96
Crawler Dozers
Crawler dozers are track-layingmachines designed for those jobs thatrequire high tractive effort.
These dozers can work on variety of soilincluding soils with sharp edged pieces.
They are very suitable for short
working distances.
49
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
50/96
Wheel Dozer
50
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
51/96
Wheel Dozers
The biggest advantage of wheel dozersover crawler dozers is higher speed (8-26 mph Vs 5-10 mph)
Wheel dozers are good on firm andconcrete soils that have no sharp edgedpieces.
They can only handle moderate loadsand are suitable for long distances.
51
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
52/96Cranes
52
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
53/96
Cranes is a broad class of constructionequipments used for lifting and placingloads. A crane uses one or moremachines like a hoist to produce
mechanical advantage and thus moveloads beyond the normal capability of ahuman. They can be used both to lift
and lower materials and to move themhorizontally.
53
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
54/96
Reconstruction of a Roman Crane. The first crane was made by Greeks
54
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
55/96
Classification of cranes
They can be divided into following main
types:-
Bridge cranes
Tower cranes
Mobile cranes
55
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
56/96
Bridge Cranes
A bridge crane, also known as theoverhead crane, is a type of cranewhere hook-and-line mechanism runs
along a horizontal beam, that itself runsalong two widely separated rails.
Bridge cranes are normally not found on
the construction sites, but are verycommon in industries.
56
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
57/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
58/96
Tower Cranes
Tower cranes are fixed cranes, and arenormally used when the site conditionsare not suitable for mobile cranes.
Other reasons for its use can be veryheavy loads and high rise construction.
Tower cranes are of two types:1. Top slewing (fixed tower)2. Bottom Slewing (slewing tower)
58
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
59/96
A top slewing Tower Crane
59
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
60/96
The Slewing Ring
60
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
61/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
62/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
63/96
Weirdo
63
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
64/96
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
65/96
Crawler 65
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
66/96
Telescoping-Boom Truck mounted
66
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
67/96
Lattice-Boom Truck mounted
67
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
68/96
Knuckle-Boom Truck Mounted
68
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
69/96
Rough Terrain
69
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
70/96
All Terrain
70
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
71/96
Heavy Lift
71
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
72/96
Asphalt Pavers
72
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
73/96
It is an Engineering Vehicle used to lay asphalt
on roadways.
It is normally fed by Dump truck
A roller is then used to press the hot Asphalt
mix, resulting in smooth plain surface.
73
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
74/96
A Paver being fed with Asphalt concrete by Dump truck
74
l f P
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
75/96
Slip form Paver
75
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
76/96
Loaders76
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
77/96
Uses of Loaders
Loading excavated material into dumpers
Backhoe loaders perform both excavation and
loading functions
Loaders are sometime used for loading
repairable machinery parts into pickups
Feed the bins of batching plants
77
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
78/96
Backhoe loaders
78
d k
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
79/96
Loader working at site
79
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
80/96
Graders80
S S O G S
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
81/96
USES OF GRADERS
Finishing Shaping
Bank sloping
Mixing
Spreading Leveling
Crowning
81
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
82/96
OTHER
Equipments
82
Concrete batching plant and
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
83/96
Concrete batching plant andtransit mixers
83
F k Lift
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
84/96
Fork Lifters
84
ASPHALT DISTRIBUTOR
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
85/96
ASPHALT DISTRIBUTOR
85
CONCRETE TRANSIT MIXERS
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
86/96
CONCRETE TRANSIT MIXERS
86
I id T it Mi
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
87/96
Inside a Transit Mixer
87
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
88/96
Ri hi
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
89/96
Rig machine
89
T h
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
90/96
Trencher
90
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
91/96
Jumbo drilling in tunnel
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
92/96
Jumbo drilling in tunnel
92
TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine)
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
93/96
TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine)
93
worlds largest TBM
built by
Herrenknecht AG
for Shanghai
Changjiang Tunnel.
Two of them were
used to dig 7.5 kmlong double tunnel
under Yangtze river
in Shanghai.
The machine is
15.42 m in dia, 135
m long and 2,300tonnes of weight.
TBM Assembling
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
94/96
TBM Assembling
94
TBM f Pakistan
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
95/96
TBM forNelum Jehlum Hydropower Project Pakistan
95
Prepared By
-
8/12/2019 Basic Construction Equipments
96/96
Prepared By
Dr. Mubashir Aziz
Engr. Faizan Shafique
Modified By Faizan Mahmood