Download - Battle of Huai Hai
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Battle of Huai Hai
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Overview
● A decisive battle in the civil war● One of the few conventional battles (didn’t
use guerilla warfare)● Resulted in the Communists gaining control
over China
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Guerilla Warfare
● Used to avoid major battles and capture territory
● Night raids, ambushes, blowing up railways● Took most of central and Northern China● Forced GMD to be defensive
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What is an advantage the Communists would have gained by owning more land and having more control?
(Hint: also one of the main benefits of the Long March)
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Peasant support gave strength in numbers
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Three key stages
1) Assault on the Seventh Army2) Destruction of the Twelfth Army and making
a blockade3) Victory
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Stage 1
● 8th November: East China Field Army led an assault on 7th Army
● Led by He Jifeng and Zhang Kexia (Communist spies)
● Revolted, army relief was delayed● Held out for 12 days before Communists
wiped them out (22/11)● 100,000 troops
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Stage 2
● 1st December: Communists capture Xuzhou railway
● Defeat the 12th Army at Shuangtuichi (120,000 troops)
● Huang Wei captured● Communists encircled troops 9 miles from
Xuzhou
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Why was Xuzhou railway so important?
(Hint: the railway was linked up to Nanjing and Shanghai)
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Protection from major cities
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Stage 3
● 16th Army break out of Communist blockade● Most soldiers killed/captured● Du Yuming (a good strategist) decided to
hold position
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What would you do?
a. Recall troops from Xi’an and Wuhan to focus on getting rid of the Communist blockade
b. Wait for reinforcements from other armies and the air force
c. Break out of the blockade
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Chiang Kai-Shek chose the riskiest option.
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Defeat
● A major problem: a month of heavy snowfall● Impossible for air force to bring support and
supplies● Starvation● 10,000 surrendered
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Defeat (continued)
● Rest of the armies retreated● Only one general escaped, rest captured or
killed
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Significance of the Battle
1) GMD crippled - lost lots of equipment, 500,000 troops
2) Chiang Kai-Shek fled to Taiwan
3) Communists had railway - could capture Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou quickly
4) CCP established the People’s Republic of China
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The GMD is defeated. All hail Chairman Meow and the CCP.