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Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources
BC is Booming - Is ARD Looming?An Overview of Regulatory Approach andRecent Mining Issues in British Columbia
by Kim Bellefontaine, BCMEMPR
Presented to MEND Maritimes WorkshopMay 23-24, 2006
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Presentation Outline
• Overview of regulatory approach to ML/ARD issues in BC
• Status of mining in BC• Examples of mining projects,
highlight ML/ARD issues and best practices
• Prediction challenges
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ML/ARD Regulation in British Columbia
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ML/ARD Regulation in BC- The Challenge
• How to regulate mining and exploration activities in a way that supports the Provincial goal of resource development, while ensuring the environment is protected, mining lands are reclaimed and the risk and environmental liabilities associated with ML/ARD are minimized.
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Regulatory Guiding Principles
• Ability and Intent• Site-Specific• ML/ARD Program• Prediction and
Prevention• Contingency
• Minimize Impacts• Cautious Approach• Reasonable
Assurance• Financial Security
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Ability and Intent
• A mining company has to demonstrate its ability and intent to operate a mine in a way that protects the environment.
• Mitigation plans must meet the environmental and reclamation objectives for the site.
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Site Specific
Every site is evaluated on a site specific basis.
Johnny Mountain
Sullivan
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ML/ARD Program
• Whenever bedrock or unconsolidated earth will be excavated or exposed, the proponent is responsible for the development and implementation of a ML/ARD prediction and prevention program.
• The program must include prediction, prevention, mitigation strategies as well as monitoring programs.
Kemess South
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Prediction and Prevention
• The primary objective of a ML/ARD program is PREVENTION.
Eskay Creek
This is achieved through prediction and the design and implementation of appropriate mitigation strategies (i.e. sub-aqueous disposal).
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Main Mitigation StrategiesUsed in BC
• Avoidance• Flooding (water covers)• Dry Covers• Blending of Materials• Drainage Treatment
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• Every mitigation strategy has strengths and weaknesses and not all strategies are applicable for all mine sites and their environments.
Cirque
Monteith Bay
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Contingency
Where there is a high degree of uncertainty or environmental risk involved, back-up plans are required.
Island Copper
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Contingency
• Primary mitigation –segregation and flooding of PAG waste rock
• Contingency plan – flood all waste rock
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Minimize Impacts
• Where ML/ARD cannot be prevented, mines are required to minimize the impacts to the receiving environment.
• Potential impacts and risks must be clearly identified during the review process for consideration.
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Cautious Approach
• The Ministry will exercise a cautious approach when the level of information or understanding is deficient.
Equity Silver
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Reasonable Assurance
• The Provincial government requires reasonable assurance that the environmental risk is being minimized and that the taxpayers will not be paying for the costs of reclaiming mines and managing ML/ARD.
Britannia
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Financial Security
• The Mines Act requires a financial security that covers the cost of reclaiming a mine and any on-going costs for managing ML/ARD.
• This security is raised and lowered throughout the life of a mine to correspond to the level of land disturbance and the cost of reclamation and any mitigation.
Brenda Mine
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Regulatory Tools and Resources
• Mines Act and the Health, Safety and Reclamation Code http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/Mining/Healsafe/mxready/mxcode01.htm
• BCMEM & MWLAP joint policy on ML/ARD http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/Mining/MinePer/ardpolicy.htm
• ML/ARD Guidelines http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/Mining/MinePer/ardguide.htm
• Draft ML/ARD Prediction Manual http://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/mndm/mines/mg/leg/BC%201997%20Draft%20Guideline.pdf
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Status of Mining
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Myra Falls
Highland ValleyCopper
Eskay
Huckleberry
Kemess South
Endako
Gibraltar Mine
Coal Mountain
Fording RiverGreenhills
QuinsamLine Creek
Basin
Willow CreekDillon
Operating MinesCoal Mines (11)
Metal Mines (8)
May 15, 2006
Wolverine Trend
Mt. Polley
Elkview
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Status of MiningDillon Mine
Gibraltar MineMount Polley Mine
Willow Creek MineBear River Gravel
Bingay Creek
Cariboo Gold Quartz / Bonanza
Cogburn
Davidson Project
Eagle Rock
Five Cabin Coal
Galore Creek
Hills Bar Aggregate Quarrying Project
Kemess North
Kutcho Creek
Max Molybdenum
Morrison/Hearne Hill Project
Mount Klappan
Orca Sand and Gravel
Prosperity
Red Chris
Ruby Creek Molybdenum
Stronsay Lead/Zinc Project
Sulphurets Gold/Silver Project
Swamp Point
Trend
Tulsequah Chief
Willa
Wolverine Coal Mine
New AftonApple Bay
Belcourt / West Belcourt
Brazion
Elk/Siwash
J & L (McKinnon Creek)
Lodgepole
Saxon
Schaft Creek
Table Mountain
Black Crystal Graphite
Blackdome
Bud #5
Corey
Dialite 906
Foremore
Frenier
Getty North
Granduc
Hushamu (Expo)Jubilee Mtn.
Kalum
Kinaskan (GJ+QC)
Lexington-Lonestar
Lorraine
Nithi Mountain
PineRDN
Silver Coin
Sullivan Deeps
Thorn Turnagain River
Verity and FirWoodjam
AdvancedExploration
Projects
January 1, 2006
EnvironmentalAssessment (18)
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Mitigation of ML/ARD at Mine Sites in British Columbia
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Project Highlights, Best Practices and Challenges
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General Project Trends
• Several projects are setting a new bar for applications
• Longer baseline periods (1-2 years) for water quality and ML/ARD prediction work
• Environmental management plans initiated from the planning phase
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Galore Creek – EA Application
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• Porphyry Cu-Au• 516 MT ore • Grades 0.59%Cu,
0.36 g/t Au and 4.54 g/t Ag
• Ore throughput of 60,000 tpd with mine life of 20 years
• Will create 500 Mt of tailings and 1 Bt waste rock
Photo From EA Project Description, December 2004, Rescan
Galore Creek – in EA Review
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• ML/ARD• Hydrology and large
positive water balance for the impoundment
• Road Access• First Nations Issues
& Relationships
Photo From Updated EA Project Description, June 2005, Rescan
Galore Creek –Key Issues
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ML/ARD Best Practices- Water Covers
Huckleberry
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ML/ARD Best Practices- Flooding prior to onset of ML/ARD
Waste Rock Flooding
Huckleberry
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ML/ARD Best Practices- Segregation
• Huckleberry slidesHuckleberry
Kemess South
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ML/ARD Best Practices- Mine Scheduling and Backfilling
QR GoldHuckleberry
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Many New and Proposed Coal Mines
• ARD• Neutral pH
selenium leaching
Wolverine Coal
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Mitigation – Thin Mixing with Excess NP
• ARD potential generally limited to thin strata and near seam impurities which can concentrate in coarse coal refuse
• Bulk of the strata has high NP
• Management focuses on identification and ensuring thinly dispersed and mixed with high NP strata
Trend Small Mine
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Mitigation - Avoidance
• Large AG/PAG unit removed from mine plan
Wolverine Coal
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SeleniumLeaching
• Increasing Se trends in Elk River• Se is an essential element but can be toxic to fish and birds at
high concentrations• Prompted creation of Task Force to examine sources, release
mechanisms, biological effects and determine whether treatment and or management is required now or in future
Fording River -1 of 5 Elk Valley Coal Mines
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Selenium Facts
• Low levels occur in all strata, typically 2-8 ppm Se
• Leaching occurs from all mine materials, but can be slightly higher from fine grained lithologies
• Complex mineralogy since Se substitutes for S; several release mechanisms possible (sulphide oxidation, sulphate dissolution)
• Dietary uptake is primary pathway for toxicity, so water quality guidelines appropriate as indicator
• Slow moving water environments are generally more susceptible to selenium toxicity
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Elk Valley Selenium Task Force- Findings to Date
• Negligible risks to human health from fish consumption • Initial studies suggest some possible effects to birds, fish
and frogs in the highest selenium areas, but currently no evidence of large-scale negative impacts.
• Predicted future water quality in the Elk River is not know• The need for selenium treatment and management is not
known• Currently no readily available, off-the-shelf technology to
treat selenium in water • Research is ongoing
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Selenium Management- New Coal Mines
• Proactive prediction of water quality• Good Se baseline with on-going biological and
geochemical monitoring• Implementing measures to reduce selenium
levels (selective placement)• Mitigation includes eliminating pathways to
sensitive areas of the environment if negative effects are detected (drainage routing)
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Challenges –Long Term Management,
Maintenance
Many mitigation strategies must be designed to last forever.Need systems to transfer site info and track performance
Equity Silver
Kemess South
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Challenges –Dynamic and Evolving Minesites
and Environments
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Challenges – Performance Uncertainties
• Many ML/ARD mitigation technologies are relatively new• limited performance
histories• performance
uncertainties
Equity Silver
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Challenges – Residual Issues
• Pit lake management
Proposed Kemess North Pit
Bell and Granisle Pits
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Challenges – Residual Issues
• Sludge management• Volume can rival original
waste• Physical containment
challenges• Long term chemical
stability uncertaintiesSamatosum
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Challenges – Evaluating Long Term Liabilities
Equity Silver
Samatosum
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Challenges - Prediction
• Inherent limitations of static and kinetic testing procedures
• Scaling up• Representative
samples• Lag times• Quantifying silicate
NP Kemess South
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In Summary
• BC is booming!• But is ML/ARD looming?
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Is ML/ARD Looming?$$$$$
• BC’s approach to proactive prediction, prevention and mitigation should help to reduce environmental liabilities associated with ML/ARD as much as possible.
• But some mines will have residual ML/ARD issues at the end of mining and many mines will have ongoing mitigation, monitoring and maintenance requirements
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Thank-you!