Download - Between World Wars
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World History: 1750-Present
BETWEEN WORLD WARS
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INDIA SEEKS INDEPENDENCE
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INDIA SEEKS INDEPENDENCE
Amristar Massacre:
British General Reginald Dyer Banned public meetings
50 soldiers fired on unarmed protestors
400 killed
1,100 wounded
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INDIA SEEKS INDEPENDENCE
Mohandas Gandhi
Studied law in Britain and practiced in South Africa for 20 years
1914: returned to India
Believed in non-violent resistance
Wanted equality for all Indians
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INDIA SEEKS INDEPENDENCE
Mohandas Gandhi
Called for boycott of British goods
March 12, 1930: Salt March 78 followers 240-mile march to sea Thousands joined Gandhi and thousands other arrested
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INDIA SEEKS INDPENDENCE
1939: World War II began
Indians forced to serve in British military
Indian independence delayed
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ROARING TWENTIES
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ROARING TWENTIES
Jazz Age
Radio
Automobile
Henry Ford, assembly line
Motels
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ROARING TWENTIES
Women
Inventions Helped Washing machines, vacuum cleaners, canned
foods
Flappers Young, rebellious
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ROARING TWENTIES
Prohibition (18th Amendment) 1919
No alcohol
Increased crime
Speakeasies, illegal bars
Repealed by 21st Amendment in 1933
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ROARING TWENTIES
Harlem Renaissance
Inspired by negritude movement in French Caribbean colonies
Expressed pride in culture
Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston
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ROARING TWENTIES
Lost Generation
WWI symbolized breakdown of Western civilization Erich Remarque, All Quite on the Western Front
T.S. Eliot, The Wasted Land
F. Scoot Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby
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ROARING TWENTIES
Science
Marie Curie: radioactivity
Albert Einstein: Theory of Relativity
1934: Enrico Fermi discovered atomic fission: splitting an atom into two (produced huge burst of energy)
Sigmund Freud: psychoanalysis: subconscious mind drives much of human behavior
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1ST RED SCARE
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RED SCARE
1st Red Scare
great fear of communists throughout America
Limited immigration
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THE GREAT DEPRESSION
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GREAT DEPRESSION
1929: U.S. Stock Market Crash
High-risk investing
Overproduction
Led to world-wide Great Depression
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GREAT DEPRESSION
U.S. Election of 1932
FDR won
New Deal Massive gov’t involvement
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ITALY
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ITALY
WWI promises of Britain and France were broken
Italy in great turmoil
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ITALY
Benito Mussolini
Organized Fascist Party
Spoke of reviving Roman greatness
Used Black Shirts to gain power
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ITALY
Mussolini’s March on Rome (1922)
“If they don’t give us the gov’t, we will take it!”
Tens of thousands marched
King Victor Emmanuel III made Mussolini Prime Minister
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ITALY
Mussolini’s rule:
took new title: Il Duce (The Leader)
Repressive regime
Supported by Pope Pius XI in return for recognizing Vatican City as an independent city
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ITALY
Mussolini’s rule:
Economy and infrastructure improved
Workers suffered
Loyalty to nation more important than individual desires
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GERMANY
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GERMANY
Post WWI:
Terrible conditions
High inflation
Weimar Republic very weak
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GERMANY
Adolf Hitler formed the Nazi Party
1923: Beer-Hall Putsch
Failed coup staged by Adolf Hitler
While in jail, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Released after 9 months
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GERMANY
Great Depression:
Communist and Nazi Parties gained numerous seats in Reichstag
Most politicians feared communists and turned to Hitler
Hitler appointed chancellor in 1933
Within the year, Hitler declared himself Fuhrer
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GERMANY
Hitler’s Rule
Unemployment almost zero
Major advancements in industry and infrastructure
End of reparations
Illegal build-up of military
Expansion of territory
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GERMANY
Hitler’s rule (cont’d):
Repressive regime
First used Brown Shirts to maintain power, then Gestapo
Bible and other books destroyed
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GERMANY
Hitler Youth
Indoctrination of German youth
School books rewritten to promote Nazi agendas
Military-style training
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GERMANY
1935: Nuremberg Laws
Jews stripped of German citizenship
Jews prohibited from marrying non-Jews, attending or teaching at German schools, holding gov’t jobs, practicing law or medicine, and publishing books
Many Jews, including Albert Einstein, fled the country
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GERMANY
Nov. 1938, Kristallnacht:
“Night of Broken Glass”
Nazi mobs attacked Jewish communities
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MEXICO
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MEXICO
Constitution of 1917
Called for future nationalization of industry
Church land made “property of nation”
Minimum wage
Right to strike
Universal male suffrage
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MEXICO
1920: President Venustiano Carranza overthrown
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) established
Used bribery, fear, and rigged elections to control Mexico until free elections in 2000
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MEXICO
1930s:
President Cardenas Redistribution of land
Millions of acres given to peasants
Nationalization of oil resources
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MEXICO
Cultural Nationalism
Rejected Western art forms
Revival of mural painting Showed struggle for independence
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MEXICO
U.S. Intervention
1914: U.S. attacked Veracruz after Mexican police imprisoned several American sailors
1916: U.S. invaded Mexico to capture Pancho Villa Villa had killed dozens of Americans
U.S. troops recalled during WWI
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MEXICO
1930s:
Good Neighbor Policy U.S. pledged to lesson its interference in Latin
America
Withdrew troops from Haiti and Nicaragua
Supported nationalization of Mexican oil companies