Download - Biodiversity MEAI
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WHY UNDERSTAND BIODIVERSITY?
Variability in living forms Species diversity
Genetic diversity
Ecosystem diversity
Important to understand the impact of our
activities on nature
Do we take into account cost to nature??
If we need to manage we need to measure
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THE CRITERIA
Based on data on vascular plants and vertebrates
Must contain 0.5% of the Worlds documentedplants as Endemics
Must have lost atleast 70% of its primary
vegetation Vertebrates serve as back-up
Limited to terrestrial ecosystems
Senecio bombayensis
BIODIVERSITY HOT-SPOTS
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OUTPUT
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WESTERN GHATS & SRI LANKA
FACTS & FIGURES
Hotspot Original Extent (km 2) 189,611
Hotspot Vegetation Remaining
(km 2)
43,611
Endemic Plant Species 3,049
Endemic Threatened Birds 10
Endemic Threatened Mammals 14
Endemic Threatened Amphibians 87
Extinct Species 20
Human Population Density
(people/km 2)
261
Area Protected (km 2) 26,130
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DIVERSITY AND ENDEMISM
Taxonomic Group Species Endemic Species Percent EndemismPlants 5,916 3,049 51.5Mammals 140 18 12.9Birds 458 35 7.6Reptiles 267 174 65.2Amphibians 178 130 73.0Freshwater Fishes 191 139 72.8
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8/41Malabar Pit Viper
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9/41Malabar Gliding Frog
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THREATENED SPECIES
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Extinct - Extinct in the wild
Critically Endangered - Endangered
Vulnerable - Near Threatened
Least Concern - Data Deficient
Not Evaluated
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Nilgiri Wood Pigeon
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IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS
IN-GA-01 Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary
IN-GA-02 Carambolim Wetlands
IN-GA-03 Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary
IN-GA-04 Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary
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THE GOAN STORY
Part of the Western Ghats and thus a Biodiversity
Hotspot
Covers 600 sq.km of the 3702 sq.km
geographical area of the State
Average altitude is around 800 m
Gives rise to 11 rivers which feed the State.
Unique habitats in form of swamp forests
7 PAs covering 20.39% of geographical area
Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary, Sattari
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Group Number of species
Mammals 83
Birds 458
Reptiles 100
Amphibians 28
Fish 58
Spiders 50
Butterflies 254 (14)
Dragonflies 87 (6)
Plants 1750
Source: Fauna of Goa, ZSI - 2008
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Gaur
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19/41SOUTHERN BIRDWING
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20/41GRASS JEWEL
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Green-striped Slender Dartlet (Aciagrion occidentale)
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Skimmer (Hylaeothemis indica)
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RUSSELS VIPER
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KING COBRA
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TOUCH-ME-NOT
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MUSHROOMS
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MALABAR GLIDING
LIZARD
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WroughtonsFree-tailed Bat
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NEW SPECIES FROM GOA1. GeckoCnemaspis goaensis
2. SpiderCtenus goaensis
3. SpiderNeoscona molemensis
4. CaeciliansGegeniophis nadkarni
5. CaecilianGegeniophis pareshi
6. CaecilianGegeniophis mhadeinsis
7. CaecilianGegeniophis goaensis8. DragonflyIdionyx gomantakensis
9. PlantDimeria veldkampii
10. PlantIschaemum yadavii
11. PlantGlyphochloa henryi
12. CrabCharybdis goaensis13. ScorpionThaicharmus lowei
14. PlantDipcadi goaense
.. And there are more
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Gegeneophis goensis
Gegeneophis mhadeiensis
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Idionyx gomantakensis
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Why preserve??
1. Medicines10 of the top 25 medicines are plant based. 80% of
worlds population depends on traditional medicines
2. Ecosystem servicesOxygen, Co2, climate change, wetlands
3. Recreation4.1 billion USD in South Africa
4. Cultural significance
1. Mange Thapni
2. RoinSateri
5. Ethical question of right to live
6. Finally the web of life
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Threats
Habitat loss or land-use change
Pollution
Climate change
Harvesting/Hunting
Alien species
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WAY FORWARD
How is planning done?
How are conservation decisions taken?
Why is there no base-line data?
Need to document the diversity
Scientific data on species and habitat
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Thank You!!