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BiofilmBiofilm bioreactors for bioreactors for biofuelbiofuel productionsproductions
Ali DemirciAli Demirci
Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringDepartment of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringThe Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
The Pennsylvania State University The Pennsylvania State University
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METHODS
Cell-recycle reactor
Hollow-fiber reactor
Cell Immobilization
Active Immobilization
Passive Immobilization
Cross-linking
Entrapment
Biofilm
METHODS TO INCREASE METHODS TO INCREASE BIOMASS IN REACTORBIOMASS IN REACTOR
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BIOFILM FORMATIONBIOFILM FORMATION
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BIOFILMBIOFILM
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:Infections: dental, implantInfections: dental, implantFouling: pipe, pump, heat exchangerFouling: pipe, pump, heat exchanger
Advantages:Advantages:ValueValue--added products: organic acid, ethanoladded products: organic acid, ethanolWaste water treatmentWaste water treatmentBioremediation: metal recovery, bioconversionBioremediation: metal recovery, bioconversion
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GROWTH DETACHMENT
ADHESION
BIOFILM FORMATION
• Shear forces• Internal cohesion• Lacking of nutrient EPS: Extracellular Polymeric Substance
• van der Waals forces• Hydrophobicity• EPS Production
• Nutrients availability • Nutrients diffusion • Temp & pH
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ADVANTAGES OF BIOFILM ADVANTAGES OF BIOFILM REACTORREACTOR
Higher biomass density in reactorHigher biomass density in reactorIncreasing production ratesIncreasing production ratesReuse of cell without cell recycleReuse of cell without cell recycleNo need of reNo need of re--inoculation in repeatedinoculation in repeated--batch batch fermentationfermentationPrevent Prevent ““wash outwash out”” when using continuous when using continuous process at high dilution rateprocess at high dilution rateHigh operation stability (more resistance to High operation stability (more resistance to extreme conditions)extreme conditions)
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TYPES OF BIOFILM REACTORTYPES OF BIOFILM REACTOR
BIOFILM REACTOR
Fixed-bed Expanded-bed
Submerged-bed
Trickling filters
Rotating disc
Membrane biofilm
Fluidized-bed
Moving bed
Air-lift
Circulating bed
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BIOMASS SUPPORT PARTICLESBIOMASS SUPPORT PARTICLES
Favor microbial adhesionFavor microbial adhesionSurface chargeSurface chargeHydrophobicityHydrophobicityRoughnessRoughnessPorosityPorositySpecific area (area per volume)Specific area (area per volume)
High mechanical resistanceHigh mechanical resistanceGreat availabilityGreat availabilityCost effectivenessCost effectiveness
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PLASTIC COMPOSITE SUPPORT PLASTIC COMPOSITE SUPPORT (PCS)(PCS)
Developed at Iowa State UniversityDeveloped at Iowa State University(U.S. Patent Number: 5,535,893)(U.S. Patent Number: 5,535,893)
Extrusion ofExtrusion ofPolypropylene (50%w/w): MatrixPolypropylene (50%w/w): MatrixAgricultural products: Provide essential nutrientsAgricultural products: Provide essential nutrients
Soy bean hullSoy bean hull 35% (35% (w/ww/w))Yeast extractYeast extract 5%5%Soy bean flourSoy bean flour 5%5%Dried bovine albuminDried bovine albumin 5%5%Mineral saltsMineral salts trace amounttrace amount
0.3 - 10 cm
0.35 cm
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APPLICATIONS OF APPLICATIONS OF BIOFILM REACTORBIOFILM REACTOR
Value-added products
Organic acid
Alcohol
Enzyme
Antimicrobial agent
• Acetic acid• Citric acid• Lactic acid• Fumaric acid• Succinic acid
• Ethanol• Butanol• Cellulase• Amylase• Lipase• Lignin peroxidase•Penicillin •Cephalosporin C• Nisin
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Repeated Batch FermentationRepeated Batch Fermentationby by S. S. cerevisiaecerevisiae
Air FilterAsepticLiquidBreaks
Feed Stock
Pump
Water Bath
Air Inlet
AirOutlet
Pump
EffluentCollector
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Repeated Batch Fermentationby S. cerevisiae
Days0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
Eth
anol
(g/l)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Soy hulls + Soy flour + Yeast extract + Salts Polypropylene alone
48 h
N-freemedium Ammonium sulfate medium
24 h
Air
48 h
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PCS Biofilm Reactor
SIDE VIEW
PCS
Agitator shaft
TOP VIEW
75 mm
10.5 mm
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ENZYME PRODUCTIONENZYME PRODUCTIONCellulaseCellulase productionproduction from from TrichodermaTrichoderma virideviride(Webb (Webb et al.et al., 1986), 1986)
SpoutedSpouted--bed reactorbed reactor1.5 times higher than suspended cell1.5 times higher than suspended cell
Amylase productionAmylase production from recombinant from recombinant E. coliE. coli(Oriel, 1988)(Oriel, 1988)
SubmergedSubmerged--bed bed biofilmbiofilm with silicone polymer beadswith silicone polymer beads5 times higher than suspended cell5 times higher than suspended cell
LigninolyticLigninolytic enzymes productionenzymes productionfrom from PhanerochaetePhanerochaete chrysosporiumchrysosporium((GovenderGovender et al.et al., 2003), 2003)
Membrane Membrane biofilmbiofilm reactorreactor7 times higher than suspended cell7 times higher than suspended cell
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SUMMARYSUMMARY
Biofilm reactor
Increase production rate
Cost effectiveness
High stability
High biomass density
Decrease lag timeNo requirement for cell recycle and re-inoculation
Less nutrient requirement
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU