Download - Biology—The Study of Life
BIOLOGY—THE STUDY OF LIFE
How have organisms “solved the problems” of living?
WHAT IS LIFE? Which of these are living? Which are
nonliving?
• How can we tell? BRAINSTORM!
WHAT IS LIFE? Which of these are living? Which are
nonliving?
WHAT IS LIFE? Which of these are living? Which are
nonliving?
WHAT IS LIFE? Which of these are living? Which are
nonliving?
WHAT IS LIFE? Which of these are living? Which are
nonliving?
HOW DO YOU KNOW? ARE YOU SURE?
HOW DO SCIENTISTS KNOW? ARE THEY SURE? All living things, “organisms”, share certain
challenges or ‘problems of living’ that separate them from nonliving things. They may or may not be visible.
These “Characteristics of Life” are used to classify things as living or nonliving
Scientists recognize seven properties
Imagine what characteristics you share with a gecko!
SEVEN CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
MRS GREN
SEVEN PROPERTIES OF LIFE Movement Reproduction Sensitivity Growth &Development Respiration Excretion Nutrition
How do organisms solve each of these ‘problems of living’ in order to stay alive?
MOVEMENT Many living things are observed moving, like
this cheetah running But you don’t see plants running around, so
how do they move? All living things move blood or fluids within
the organism There is movement in each individual cell-
it’s called ‘cytoplasmic streaming’
REPRODUCTION All living things can reproduce
(sexually or asexually). Living things produce offspring, or more of their own kind, from one generation to the next
living things pass on traits to their offspring through genes. This is called heredity
SENSITIVITY All living things respond and adjust to the
environment
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT All living things grow (becoming larger) and develop
(change and become more complex) living things can repair damaged parts
Extraordinary Animals In The Womb, National Geographic
Watch frog development!
RESPIRATION All life processes require energy All living things carry out respiration to turn
food into energy to run life processes Occurs in all living things at a cellular level
Metabolism is the sum of all these chemical reactions in an organism
EXCRETION All living things have methods of getting rid
of waste products
NUTRITION All living things have a continual need for
food and nutrients
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
GROWTHAND
DEVELOPMENT
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
REPRODUCTION
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
RESPIRATION
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
SENSITIVITY
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
MOVEMENTNUTRITION
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
MOVEMENTNUTRITION
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
EXCRETION
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic. GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic. REPRODUCTION
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match the image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
NUTRITION
EXAMPLE IMAGES Match this image to one of the seven
properties / characteristics of life and explain how it depicts this characteristic.
HOMEOSTASIS All living things maintain a constant internal
environment in order to function properly Organisms respond to changes in their external
environment, and their internal processes adjust accordingly
MODEL IMAGE AND CAPTION This picture of a woman
sweatingafter exercise and drinking water to replace the water she lostillustrateshomeostasis— the maintenance of constant internal state in a changing environment. As the woman exercised in the hot sun her body temperature rose above its normal state so she began to perspire in order to lower her body temperature back to its ‘normal resting state’. Likewise she lost water as she sweated, so she drinks water to rehydrate (regain her fluid balance) and replace the water she lost when perspiring. (image URL: http://www…)
OTHER CHARACTERISTICS:DEATH AND COMPLEXITY Death—All living things cease to live when
internal or external conditions become unfavorable for life
Complexity—Most living things show system organization, interrelationship, and maintenance
HEREDITY All living things pass on traits to their
offspring through genes that are passed from parent to offspring each generation
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION All living things are composed of one or more
cell Highly organized, tiny structures with thin
coverings called membranes Smallest unit capable of all life functions Simple to complex cells with common basic
structure Unicellular and multicellular
Cell Theory: Cells are the smallest unit
capable of having life All living things have cells All cells come from previous cells
EXTENSION Origins of Life? Synthetic Life? Virus…living or nonliving? Life without death?