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Biomes and Ecosystems
Science 10 Biology Unit
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Abiotic
• Abiotic: the non-living parts
of an environment
Biotic
• Biotic: the living organisms
in an environment
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The Breakdown
• Biosphere
• The Earth
• Biomes
• Includes regions with similar abiotic components
• Aquatic and terrestrial biomes
• Ecosystems
• Regions within biomes
•
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Eight Terrestrial
Biomes on Earth
• Tundra
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Eight Terrestrial
Biomes on Earth
• Boreal Forest
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Eight Terrestrial
Biomes on Earth
• Temperate Deciduous Forest
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Eight Terrestrial
Biomes on Earth
• Temperate Rainforest
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Eight Terrestrial
Biomes on Earth
• Temperate Grassland
• Tropical Grassland
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Eight Terrestrial
Biomes on Earth
• Tropical Rainforest
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Eight Terrestrial
Biomes on Earth
• Hot Desert
• Cold Desert
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Eight Terrestrial
Biomes on Earth
• Permanent Ice (Polar Ice)
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Most important abiotic factors
• Temperature
• Precipitation
• Rainfall, snow, mist, fog
• Other factors influence precipitation and
temperature…
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Factors that influence
temperature and precipitation
• Latitude: the distance north or
south from the equator
• Elevation: the height of a land
mass above sea level
• Ocean currents: affect the
climate of a region
• Wind: affect the climate of a
region
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Factors that influence
temperature and precipitation
• Latitude: the distance north or
south from the equator
• Elevation: the height of a land
mass above sea level
• Ocean currents: affect the
climate of a region
• Wind: affect the climate of a
region
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Factors that influence
temperature and precipitation
• Latitude: the distance north or
south from the equator
• Elevation: the height of a land
mass above sea level
• Ocean currents: affect the
climate of a region
• Wind: affect the climate of a
region
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Factors that influence
temperature and precipitation
• Latitude: the distance north or
south from the equator
• Elevation: the height of a land
mass above sea level
• Ocean currents: affect the
climate of a region
• Wind: affect the climate of a
region
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Worksheet #1 (Use this diagram for question 6)
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Biome Project
• 1. Meet with your groups and discuss the project
plan (i.e. divide up the tasks equally)
• 2. Complete the Group Action Plan and hand it in
(one action plan per person)
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Adaptations
• Characteristics that enable organisms to better survive
and reproduce
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1. Structural Adaptations
• A physical feature of an organism’s body
having a specific function that contributes
to the survival of the organism
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2. Physiological Adaptations
• A physical or chemical event that occurs within the
body of an organism that enables survival
• A.k.a. functional adaptation ***
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3. Behavioral Adaptation
• What an organism does to survive in the unique
conditions of its environment
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Create your own “imaginary”
species
• Design and draw your OWN species with a particular adaptation
• Decide what environmental factor (abiotic or biotic) that your species is adapted to survive, and what type of adaptation it has
• Draw a picture of your species; pay particular attention to the specific adaptation your species has
• Be ready to explain your species’ adaptation!
• Name your species
• Be creative!
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Work period for biomes
project
• Don’t forget!
• Your poster is to include:
• Two (2) region-specific plant adaptations with pictures
AND
• Three (3) region-specific animal adaptations with
pictures
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Climatographs
• Temperature and precipitation are two important
factors that determine climate
• Climate: the average pattern of weather conditions
that occur in a region observed and recorded over a
period of years
• Climatograph: graph of climate data for a specific
regions of data obtained over 30 years
• includes an average monthly temperature and average
of the total monthly precipitation for each month
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Climatographs
Don’t forget…
• Label the horizontal axis
• Label the TWO vertical axis
• Include units for all axis
• Plot the average monthly temperatures using a line
graph
• Plot the average monthly precipitation using a bar graph
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Work period for biome project
• Don’t forget!
• Your poster is to include:
• A hand-drawn climatograph for your specific region
within your biome.
• Be sure that your climatograph includes all of the
necessary labels (axis are labeled, data is graphed
properly, etc.)
• Use Worksheet #2 to guide you
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Ecological Heirarchy
• 1. Ecosystem: has abiotic components that interact
with biotic components. Biomes contain many types
of ecosystems
Douglas Fir
Ecosystem
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Ecological Heirarchy
• 2. Habitat: the place in which an organism lives
The habitat of the red fox
often includes the edges of
forests or marshlands
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Ecological Heirarchy
• 3. Community: all the populations of the different
species that interact in a specific ecosystem
Can you find the
clownfish in this
community?
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Ecological
Heirarchy
• 4. Population: all the
members of a particular
species within an
ecosystem
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Ecological Heirarchy
• 5. Species: a type of organism
• Group of closely related organisms
• Able to reproduce with one another and produce fertile offspring
• Ex. Clown fish species
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Ecological Heirarchy
• 6. Organism: an individual organism
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Species, Population or Community?
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How important are the abiotic
components in an ecosystem?
• It is the abiotic components that allow the biotic components
to survive in an ecosystem
• Oxygen
• Produced by green plants & micro-organisms
• Plants and animals can’t survive without oxygen
• Sunlight
• Plants require light for photosynthesis
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How important are the abiotic
components in an ecosystem?
• Water
• Water carries nutrients from one place to another
• No organism can survive without water
• Plant & animal cells are composed of 50-90% water
• Nutrients
• Required for plant and animal growth
• Ex. Nitrogen and phosphorus
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How important are the abiotic
components in an ecosystem?
• Soil
• Anchors plants
• Provides nutrients
• Supports many small
organisms
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Virtual Eco-Sphere Activity! http://www.open2.net/diyscience/ecosphere/virtual_ecosphere.html
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Work on biomes project
• Remember!
• Your biome project is due NEXT DAY!
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Biomes project due TODAY!
• You have 10 MINUTES to add any last minute
details to your project. If you are al finished, please sit
quietly.
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Quick Trip around the Biomes
• Travel around the biomes with your Biome Passport
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Symbiotic relationships
• Symbiosis refers to an interaction between members
of two different species that live together in a close
association
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Commensalism
• Symbiotic relationship
• One species benefits and the other species is neither
helped nor harmed
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Mutualism
• Symbiotic relationship
• Both organisms benefit
• In some, the two species are unable to survive
without the other
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Parasitism
• Symbiotic relationship
• One species benefits and another is harmed
• Parasites live in or on a host and obtain food from
the host’s blood or body tissues
• Usually, the host is not killed
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Commensalism, Mutualism, or
Parasitism?
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Niches, Competition, and
Predation
• Niche: the role an organism has within an
ecosystem
• Also refers to the environment in which
a species prospers.
• What it eats, where it lives, what are its
predators
• The great blue heron lives near water
where they can fish and nest. Because
of their long longs, they can find food
in deeper water than the other heron
species with shorter legs.
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Niches, Competition, and
Predation
• Competition: occurs when a limited
resource is desired by two or more
individuals in a niche
• This limits the size and health of
individual organisms, and perhaps
the population
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Niches, Competition, and
Predation
• Predation: the relationship between the “eaters” and the “eaten”
• Predators have adaptations to help them catch prey
• Ex. Pointed teeth, good eyesight, keen sense of smell
• Prey have adaptations to help avoid predators
• Ex. Spines, shells, camouflage, and mimicry
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Biodiversity in Ecosystems
• Biodiversity: the variety and
number of different individuals
and species in an ecosystem
• Healthy ecosystems generally
have high biodiversity
• Most biodiversity losses occur
from the loss of habitat
• Humans often have a negative
impact on biodiversity
• Ecological management programs
try to balance human progress
with maintaining biodiversity
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Predator-Prey Simulation
• http://puzzling.caret.cam.ac.uk/index.php?section
=home&style=1&PHPSESSID=99422e47cd553881
483afcbb9ffe9371
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Biomes and Ecosystems TEST
• Chapter 1 TEST is next day!
• Chapter 1 Review Questions
• Text page 52 #1-22