BIRTH CONTROL• A REGIMEN OF ONE OR MORE
ACTIONS, DEVICES, OR MEDICATIONS FOLLOWED IN ORDER TO PREVENT OR REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF A WOMAN BECOMING PREGNANT.
INEFFECTIVE METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL
• WITHDRAWL METHOD
• DOUCHING- ACTUALLY SPREADS SEMEN FURTHER INTO THE UTERUS
• RHYTHYM METHOD- A WOMAN ONLY OVULATES ONCE A MONTH.– PROBLEM: AVG. MALE EJACULATE
CONTAINS 500,000,000 SPERM THAT CAN LIVE FOR AN AVG. OF 3 DAYS INSIDE THE FEMALE.
ABSTINENCE• voluntarily refraining from some or all
aspects of sexual activity.
• Reasons:– Religion– Prevent Pregnancy– Prevent STD’s– Lack of Suitable Partners– Individual Values
• Effectiveness:– Pregnancy 100%– STD’s 100%
BARRIER METHODS• MALE/FEMALE CONDOM
– IS A DEVICE USUALLY MADE OF LATEX THAT REDUCES THE RISK OF PREGNANCY AND STD’S
• PROPER USE:– CHECK EXPIRATION DATE– PRESS TIP FIRMLY TO EXPEL AIR
FROM CONDOM. AIR TRAPPED INSIDE CAN CAUSE CONDOM TO BREAK.
– UNROLL CONDOM ONTO THE PENIS.– DISCARD AFTER USE.– NEVER USE OIL BASED LUBRICANTS
WITH LATEX!
CONDOMS (CONT.)•LATEX CONDOMS ARE MOST EFFECTIVE
•USE SPERMICIDAL LUBRICANT
•EFFECTIVENESS:–98% PREGNANCY–85% AIDS/HIV
BARRIER METHODS•DIAPHRAGM/
CERVICAL CAPS–It is a small soft rubber dome the user fills with spermicide before placing it in the vagina to prevent sperm from entering the cervix.–Must remain in vagina for 6-8 hrs after intercourse.–DOES NOT PREVENT STD’S!
BARRIER METHODS•Contraceptive Sponge
–Must be inserted prior to sex, vaginally and covers the cervix
–95% effective avoiding pregnancy
–DOES NOT PREVENT STD’s
CHEMICAL METHODS•THE PILL
–CHEMICALS TAKEN THAT PREVENT NORMAL FERTILITY.
–PREVENTS OVULATION NOT STD’S
–MUST TAKE EVERY 12 HOURS
THE PILL• SIDE EFFECTS:
– WEIGHT GAIN– NAUSEA– HEAD ACHES– DEPRESSION– URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS– SMOKERS MAY BE AT INCREASED
RISK FOR HEART ATTACK AND/OR STROKE
– DOES NOT PREVENT STD’S
CHEMICAL METHODS•Contraceptive Patch
–PATCH APPLIED TO THE SKIN THAT PREVENTS PREGNANCY
•Same side effects and effectiveness as the pill.
•DOES NOT PREVENT STD’s
CHEMICAL METHODS
• CERVICAL RING–Ring placed around cervix
that slowly releases estrogen and progesterone
–Prevents ovum from being released
–Need a prescription
DEPO-PROVERA• INJECTION ONCE EVERY 11-13
WEEKS THAT CAUSES THE OVARIES TO STOP RELEASING EGGS.
• PREGNANCY: 99.7% EFFECTIVE
• SIDE EFFECTS:– DECREASES BONE DENSITY– INFERTILITY– WEIGHT GAIN– PANIC ATTACKS– ACNE
SUB-DERMAL IMPLANTS• NORPLANT • IMPLANTED UNDER THE SKIN IN WOMEN
THROUGH A SMALL INCISION• SIDE EFFECTS:
– IRREGULAR MENSTRATION– HEADACHE– DEPRESSION – ACNE– HAIR GROWTH
• BEING DISCONTINUED FROM PRODUCTION
• BEING REPLACED BY JADELLE
INTRAUTERINE DEVICE•A DEVICE PLACED IN THE UTERUS THAT PREVENTS A SPERMS PASSAGE TO THE OVUM•HORMONAL IUD IS AS EFFECTIVE AS PILL AGAINST PREVENTING PREGNANCY (98-99%)•NO PREVENTION AGAINST STD’S•CAN BE USED AS A
FORM OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
SURGICAL STERILIZATION•TUBAL LIGATION- FALLOPIAN TUBES ARE CLOSED OFF.•HYESTERECTOMY- UTERINE LINING IS SURGICALLY REMOVED. ALSO PREVENTS UTERINE CANCER.•VASECTOMY- VAS DEFERENS OF MALE ARE CUT AND TIED OFF.
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
• USED TO KEEP WOMEN FROM GETTING PREGNANT AFTER UNPROTECTED VAGINAL INTERCOURSE OR FAILURE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD.
• “MORNING AFTER PILL” 75-89%
• COPPER T IUD 99.7%
• DOCTOR/CLINIC VISIT NECESSARY
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION• BIRTH CONTROL TECHNIQUES• BIRTH CONTROL VS RELIGION• HISTORY OF BIRTH CONTROL
– VISIT:– http://www.4woman.gov/faq/birthcont.ht
m
– http://www.plannedparenthood.org/pp2/portal/medicalinfo/birthcontrol/
• DIRECTS TO NEAREST PLANNED PARENTHOOD FACILITY
– Websites that end in .org and .gov are most reliable