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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS“Microorganisms & the Chain of Infection”
Part 1 of 4Standard 29 CFR 1910.1030
Produced byIdaho State UniversityOffice of Workforce Trainingworkforcetraining.isu.edu
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“This material was produced under grant SH20849SHO from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.”
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Bloodborne
Pathogens (BBP)
Microorganisms & the Chain of Infection
BBP: Statistics &
Pathophysiology
BBP: Prevention
The OSHA BBP Standard
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Microorganisms
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Bacteria
Microorganisms
Image: The bacteria that causes meningitis
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Bacteria
Microorganisms
Viruses
Image: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Bacteria
Microorganisms
Viruses
Protozoa
Image: Protozoa that causes Malaria
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Bacteria
Microorganisms
Viruses
ProtozoaFungus/Fungi
Image: Candida albicans, the fungus that causes yeast infection
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Skin
Microbes
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Nose/Mout
h
Microbes
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Hair/Eyelash
es
Microbes
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All BodyOrific
es
Microbes
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Surfaces
Exposed
To Air
Microbes
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Hi, I’m Nemo!
Mutually Beneficial Relationships
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Escherichia coli (E. coli)
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Thousands of types
Don’t harm or benefit = ‘normal flora’
Even normal flora is ‘Opportunistic’
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In 1993 a tragedy occurred in California.
An E. Coli outbreak resulted in the death of four children and severe illness for hundreds more.
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Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Port of Exit
Means of Transmissio
n
Port of Entry
Vulnerable Host
THE CHAIN OF INFECTION
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INFECTIOUS AGENT
Reservoir
Port of Exit
Means of Transmissio
n
Port of Entry
Vulnerable Host
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Infectious Agent
RESERVOIR
Port of Exit
Means of Transmissio
n
Port of Entry
Vulnerable Host
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Infectious Agent
Reservoir
PORT OF EXIT
Means of Transmissio
n
Port of Entry
Vulnerable Host
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Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Port of Exit
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
Port of Entry
Vulnerable Host
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Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Port of Exit
Means of Transmissio
n
PORT OF ENTRY
Vulnerable Host
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Yum?
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Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Port of Exit
Means of Transmissio
n
Port of Entry
VULNERABLE HOST
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Note: It is safe to eat at Jack in the Box
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This incident led to restaurants posting warning messages against undercooked meats; a national movement motivated by the US Department of Health.
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Infectious Agent: Staphylococcus aureus
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Reservoir: Skin/NoseMRSA
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Port of Exit/Transmission
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Port of Entry
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SUSCEPTIBLE
!
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“For Kerri Cardello McKoy, mother of four, a trip to the hospital to treat a broken nose in 2003 seemed routine. But what followed wasn't: a raging MRSA infection that cost her both legs below the knee, a collapsed lung and four months in a hospital bed, much of it in a drug-induced coma...”
The Baltimore Sun, 3/1/08
http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/health/bal-te.mrsa01mar01,0,4304662.story
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Bacteria
Microorganisms
Viruses
ProtozoaFungus/Fungi
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Two primary bloodborne pathogens
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Hepatitis (HBV/HCV)
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Compare/Contrast
Bacteria Virus
Larger of microbes
Complex biology Live outside cells of
host Able to reproduce
without host Many are beneficial to
host
Smallest of life forms Simplest life form Must live within cells
of host to survive Must use host’s
genetic material to reproduce
Most harmful
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Compare/Contrast
Bacteria Virus
Larger of microbes
Complex biology Live outside cells of
host Able to reproduce
without host Many are beneficial to
host
Smallest of life forms Simplest life form Must live within cells
of host to survive Must use host’s
genetic material to reproduce
Most harmful
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Compare/Contrast
Bacteria Virus
Larger of microbes
Complex biology Live outside cells of
host Able to reproduce
without host Many are beneficial to
host
Smallest of life forms Simplest life form Must live within cells
of host to survive Must use host’s
genetic material to reproduce
Most harmful
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Compare/Contrast
Bacteria Virus
Larger of microbes
Complex biology Live outside cells of
host Able to reproduce
without host Many are beneficial to
host
Smallest of life forms Simplest life form Must live within cells
of host to survive Must use host’s
genetic material to reproduce
Most harmful
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Compare/Contrast
Bacteria Virus
Larger of microbes
Comoutside plex biology
Live cells of host Able to reproduce
without host Many are beneficial to
host
Smallest of life forms Simplest life form Must live within cells
of host to survive Must use host’s
genetic material to reproduce
Most harmful
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For your continued learning…Infection Control: Break the Chain:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_o9SxDFPUiA
MRSA Infection Threatens Us:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6bbWpyT9jg&NR=1
Staph and MRSA:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuybyjV_3Ko&feature=related
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References
Diffen. Bacteria vs. Virus: Difference and Comparison. Retrieved 12/1/2010 from www.diffen.com/difference/Bacteria_vs_Virus
Marler-Clark and Associates. Jack in the Box E. coli Outbreak. Retrieved 11/4/2010 from www.about-ecoli.com 2010
Wikipedia: Staphylococcus aureus. Retrieved 11/4/2010 from www.wikipedia.org