Download - Blue tooth by k pant
BLUETOOTH BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
PRESENTED BY :-
KAUSHAL PANT{BSc (JNU),BA(PUB ADM)
(IGNOU)}
PREVIEW• PHASE –I INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
• PHASE- II WORKING OF BLUETOOTH NETWORK
BWT TOPOLOGIES & CLASSES
BWT PROTOCOLS
• PHASE- III BWT SECURITY AND MITIGATIONS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
HEALTH CONCERNS
FUTURE TRENDS AND MIL APPLICATIONS • PHASE- IV CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
• SHORT RANGE LOW POWER WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
• INTER CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER PERIPHERALS.
• EXCHANGE DATA OVER SHORT DISTANCES.
• EASY CONNECTION BETWEEN DEVICES
• WIRELESS ALTERNATIVE TO RS-232 DATA CABLES.
• MECHANISM TO FORM SHORT AD-HOC NETWORK.
HISTORY• 1994: ERICSSON CAME UP WITH A CONCEPT OF
“MULTI –COMMUNICATOR LINK”.
• RENAMING TO BLUETOOTH IN NAME OF HARALD
“BLÅTAND” GORMSEN OR HARALD BLUETOOTH,
• 1998 : FOUNDATION OF BLUETOOTH SIG.
• 2001 : FIRST CONSUMER PRODUCTS VERSION
1.1 RELEASED.
• 2003 - SIG ANNOUNCED VERSION 2.1.• 2004 - BLUETOOTH VERSION 2.0 + EDR (ENHANCED DATA RATE) INTRODUCED.
HISTORY
• 2007 - BLUETOOTH VERSION 2.1 + EDR ADOPTED
BY BLUETOOTH SIG.
• 2009 - BLUETOOTH VERSION 3.0 + HS (HIGH
SPEED) ADOPTED BY BLUETOOTH SIG.
• 2010 - BLUETOOTH CORE SPECIFICATION
VERSION 4.0 (CALLED BLUETOOTH SMART)•2013 - BLUETOOTH V4.1
•DECEMBER 2, 2014 - BLUETOOTH V4.2
TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
• A BLUETOOTH CHIP COMBINES A TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER, AS SMALLER AS 9 MM X 9 MM AND AN ANTENNA. • UNLICENSED INDUSTRIAL, SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL (ISM). • FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 2400 AND 2483.5 MHZ (INCLUDING GUARD BANDS 2 MHZ (BOTTOM) AND 3.5 MHZ (TOP).79 CHANNELS BANDWIDTH OF 1 MHZ.• BLUETOOTH USES FREQUENCY-HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM (FHSS). • 1600 HOPS /SEC, WITH ADAPTIVE FREQUENCY-HOPPING (AFH).
BLUETOOTH TOPOLOGIES
• PICONETS AND SCATTERNET FORMATION.
• A MASTER BLUETOOTH DEVICE CAN
COMMUNICATE WITH A MAXIMUM OF SEVEN DEVICES
IN A PICONET .
• MASTER-UNIT ESTABLISHES A FREQUENCY-
HOPPING SCHEME.
• ROLE SWITCHING, BY AGREEMENT.
• ROUND-ROBIN FASHION FOR DATA TRANSFER IN
PACKETS.
BLUETOOTH CONNECTIONS
TWO TYPES OF DATA EXCHANGE “MODE” :-
• ASYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-ORIENTED LOGICAL TRANSPORT (ACL)
- USED FOR DATA CONNECTIONS
• SYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-ORIENTED LINK (SCO), ENHANCED SCO (ESCO)
– USED FOR VOICE DATA
CLASSES OF BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH DEVICES ARE CLASSIFIED
ACCORDING TO THREE DIFFERENT POWER CLASSES,
AS SHOWN IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE.
CLASSMAX
PERMITTED POWER(MW)
RANGE(APPROX)IN MTRS
Class 1 100 100
Class 2 2.5 50
Class 3 1 10
Application Framework and Support
Link Manager and L2CAP
Radio & BasebandRF
Baseband
AudioLink Manager
L2CAP
TCP/IP
DATAC
ON
TRO
L
BLUETOOTH PROTOCOLS
HID RFCOMM
Applications
Host Controller Interface
BLUETOOTH SECURITY
• SUSCEPTIBLE TO SPYING AND REMOTE ACCESS.
• INTERFERENCE AND EAVESDROPPING
• SAFER TRANSMISSION OF DATA.
• INFORMATION INTEGRITY.
• DENIAL OF SERVICE, UNINTENDED CONTROL AND
ACCESS OF DATA AND VOICE CHANNELS.
• UNAUTHORIZED DEVICE CONTROL AND DATA
ACCESS.
1. SAFER TRANSMISSION OF DATAa) AUTHENTICATIONb) AUTHORIZATIONc) ENCRYPTION
THREE MODES :-
a) MODE 1 - NO SECURITYb) MODE 2 - SERVICE LEVEL SECURITYc) MODE 3 – LINK LEVEL SECURITY(PAIRING
BLUETOOTH SECURITY
• DEVICES ARE MANUFACTURED WITH A UNIQUE 48-BIT IDENTIFIER KNOWN AS THE BLUETOOTH DEVICE ADDRESS (BD_ADDR).
• PUBLICALLY KNOWN AND CAN BE OBTAINED VIA AN INQUIRY ROUTINE PERFORMED BY ANY BLUETOOTH DEVICE.
• THE BD_ADDR OF THE MASTER DEVICE IS USED TO DERIVE THE DEVICE ACCESS CODE (DAC) AND THE CHANNEL ACCESS CODE (CAC), WHICH ARE TRANSMITTED IN CLEAR-TEXT.
BLUETOOTH SECURITY
ERROR CORRECTION
2. ERROR CORRECTION TYPES:-
a) FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION (FEC)- REDUCES NO OF RE-TRANSMISSIONS.
b) AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUEST (ARQ)- CORRECTS THE CORRUPTED
TRANSMITTED DATA BLOCK.
3. FREQUENCY HOPPING TO AVOID INTERFERENCE
MITIGATIONS
•ENABLE BLUETOOTH ONLY WHEN REQUIRED.
•ENABLE BLUETOOTH DISCOVERY ONLY WHEN
NECESSARY, AND DISABLE DISCOVERY WHEN FINISHED.
•DO NOT ENTER LINK KEYS OR PINS WHEN
UNEXPECTEDLY PROMPTED TO DO SO.
•REMOVE PAIRED DEVICES WHEN NOT IN USE.
•REGULARLY UPDATE FIRMWARE ON BLUETOOTH-
ENABLED DEVICES.
ADVANTAGES • ELIMINATES WIRES
• FACILITATES DATA AND VOICE COMMUNICATION
• OFFERS FORMATION OF AD HOC NETWORKS
• STANDARDIZED PROTOCOL
• FREE OF CHARGE
• EASY TO USE
• LOW POWER CONSUMES BATTERY LESS
• STATIONARY AND MOBILE ENVIRONMENTS
DISADVANTAGES
• RELATIVELY SHORT RANGE.
• LESS SECURE.
• INTERFERENCE WITH OTHER DEVICES.
• MEDIOCRE DATA RATES.
• BLUETOOTH INTERNET CONNECTION GETS
SLOW SOMETIMES.
HEALTH CONCERNS
• BLUETOOTH USES 2.4 GHZ TO 2.480 GHZ.
• SAME FREQUENCY RANGE AS MICROWAVE OVENS.
• EMITTED RF ENERGY IS ABSORBED BY THE BODY.
• PENETRATION DEPTH IS ABOUT 1.5 CM AT 2450 MHZ.
• ABSORPTION IS VERY SUPERFICIAL.
FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH
GENERIC NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GNSS)
• CREATE A WIRELESS SERIAL LINK SO A DEVICE
CAN SHARE ITS GPS POSITION DATA USING.
AUDIO STREAMING
• ADVANCED AUDIO DISTRIBUTION
• AUDIO VIDEO REMOTE CONTROL
• BROWSE YOUR MP3 PLAYER’S MUSIC AND
PLAYLISTS DIRECTLY FROM YOUR CAR USER
INTERFACE.
RECENT TRADITION
TELEPHONY
• HANDS FREE PROFILE
GENERIC OBJECT EXCHANGE
• BETTER QUALITY OF SERVICE.
• SERVICE MULTIPLEXING IS NOW
ENTIRELY DONE BY L2CAP.
• BETTER THROUGHPUT.
FUTURE OF BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth has a good future ahead because it meets a basic need of connectivity.
Currently a protocol is being researched that would support large adhoc networks.
Latest version of Bluetooth are improving both its security and capabilities.
Ultra wide band has been chosen by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group as the future of Bluetooth Technology.
New versions of Bluetooth technology will meet the high-speed and large range.
Many companies are designing impressive Bluetooth applications in demand.
MILITARY APPLICATIONS
IN MILITARY BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY CAN BE USED IN VARIOUS FIELDS AS:-
A) COMMUNICATION
B) SECURITY
C) IDENTIFICATION
D) TRAINING
E) TARGET EVALUATION
F) GPS
CONCLUSION• A NEW GLOBAL STANDARD FOR DATA AND VOICE -ENABLED DEVICES WHICH OPERATE IN THE UNRESTRICTED 2.4-GHZ ISM BAND.
• ELIMINATING CABLES.
• LOW POWER, COST NETWORK DEVICES.
• BLUETOOTH HAS A BRIGHT FUTURE FOR WIDE USE.• FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS ARE PLANNED TO BE MADE IN
– DATA RATES– POWER REDUCTION– RANGE
ULTRA WIDE BAND
• UWB OR AS DIGITAL PULSE WIRELESS IS A WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY• TRANSMITS LARGE AMOUNTS OF DIGITAL DATA OVER A WIDE SPECTRUM OF FREQUENCY BANDS WITH VERY LOW POWER FOR A SHORT DISTANCE. • CAN CARRY A HUGE AMOUNT OF DATA OVER A DISTANCE UP TO 230 FEET AT VERY LOW POWER (LESS THAN 0.5 MILL WATTS).• ABILITY TO CARRY SIGNALS THROUGH DOORS AND OTHER OBSTACLES