Download - Breaking Down Glucose
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Breaking Down Glucose
Power Point to Making Cards
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Anaerobic (no oxygen) Glycolysis
• In the cytoplasm
• Glucose PGAL pyruvic acid
• 6-C 3-C 3-C
• (Pyruvic acid = pyruvate)
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Glycolysis
• What got this reaction started?2 ATP molecules gave P to each end of 6-carbon glucose (it splits)
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Glycolysis
• Glucose (with phosphates) breaks into two PGAL molecules
• PGAL reforms into pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
• 4 ATP
• 2 NADHform
e- carrier
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Glycolysis Summary
• 2 ATP for glucose to PGAL to pyruvate• 4 ATP formed• 2 ATP net
• Also 2 NADH (pick up electrons)
• How Glycolysis Works (click)• Sing Along
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FermentationIN ANIMALSPyruvic acid lactic acid
IN YEAST
Pyruvic acid ethanol + carbon dioxide
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FERMENTATION
• WHERE LOCATED?• In the cytoplasm
• ANAEROBIC• Without oxygen
• HOW MANY ATP?• none
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FERMENTATION
• ONE GREAT SIDE-STEP IS TO REGENERATE NADH back to NAD+
• (so it can pick up e- again)
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USES OF FERMENTATION
Yogurt
Sourdough bread
Pickles’
Buttermilk
Sauerkraut
Kimchi
Cheese
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid builds up faster than the body cells can use it.
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Glyocolysis to Prepping Pyruvate for the Krebs Cycle
2 2 34
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Pyruvic Acid Can’t Enter Mitochondrion
• So it needs “Cut and Groomed”
1.Cut off carbon (as CO2)
Leaves 2-C acetyl group
• 2. Add Coenzyme A
FORMS Acetyl-CoA
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Mitochondrion: Site of aerobic respiration (uses oxygen)
• Mitochondrion
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Getting Ready to go into the Mitochondrion
• Acetyl CoA and Kreb Cycle
“Cut” carbon removed
“Groomed”
By Coenzyme A
(2-C)
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All Set for the Krebs Cycle
We’re now in the mitochondrion.
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Two Types of Electron Carriers
• Empty FAD picks up e- to form FADH2
• e-
• Empty NAD+ picks up e- to form NADH
• ATP Synthesis NAD and FAD
e-
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What is made at the end of the Krebs cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle)?
e- carriers
Waste gas
High energy
Or Krebs Cycle
CLICK ME:Krebs Cycle
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ETC and Chemiosmosis
• NADH and FADH2 bring their e- to the
ETC (in the inner membrane of the
mitochondrion)
NADH and FADH2 animation
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H+ ions pumped through ATP synthase
Enough energy for a P to add to ADP to form ATP
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ATP Synthase Movies
• ATP Synthase (VCAC)
• http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images/movs/synthase.mov
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OXYGEN IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR
• Oxygen + H+ forms water
• Oxygen: the final electron acceptor
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Electron Transport Chain
• Electron Transport Chain (pretty sweet)
• Click here krebstca
• Click Here VCAC: Cellular Processes: Electron Transport Chain: First Look (won’t show on VPU, but can see on own computer screen)
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FINAL PRODUCTS
• Glycolysis• 2 ATP
• Krebs Cycle • 2 ATP
• ETC and Chemiosmosis• 34 ATP
36 ATP from one molecule of glucose
38 ATP from glucose to end of ETC and chemiosmosis