Broadband Wireless

High-Speed Security is Vital for today’s

Real-time Communications Applications

Networks

MilitaryAd Hoc Network

Scenario

HQInternet

Shopping/Banking

Satellite Communications

RSA

• Most widely used public key algorithm

• Unique Carry Free Addition Solution

• 1024-bit modulus - Encryption rate: 4.6 Mbps

• 1024-bit modulus - Decryption rate: 388 Kbps

• Fastest reported in literature [2003]

• (Equiv Software: 150 Kbps: 64-bit MIPS processor)

MODULAR MULTIPLICATION

• Most common operation in public key encryption

• Use of embedded multipliers on silicon device

• Word-wise method rather than traditional bit-wise

• First reported hardware architectures of these methods [2004]

• State-machine based methodology for ease of implementation [2004]

MODULAR INVERSION

• Important operation in public key cryptography

• Two single algorithms exist for Classical Modular Inverse & Montgomery Modular Inverse

• Developed a single, unified version [2004]

• Saving of 33% in the number of Montgomery Multiplications, 50% reduction in area

Software is too slow=> Need

Hardware Acceleration

DESIGN TECHNIQUES

• Algorithm manipulation – unified algorithms

• Pipelining / Sub-pipelining techniques

• Computer Arithmetic techniques

• Use onboard memory, embedded mults

• Use Shift-register design approach

ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOSYSTEMS (ECCs)

• Next generation of public key cryptography

• Hardware Accelerator combines Modular Mult & Inversion techniques above

• 256-bit scalar point multiplication in 3.84 ms

• Fastest reported in literature [2004]

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

• US Federal Encryption Standard since 2001

• One of First Encryption & Decryption Architectures [2001]

• Pre-computation of complex operations – 12 Gbps [2001] (Equiv Software: 325 Mbps: 933 MHz PIII processor)

• Novel on-the-fly AES Decryption Key generation technique – avoids traditional delay [2001]

• Multi-functional AES Architecture – supports 3 required key lengths, Encryption & Decryption, Feedback & Non-feedback modes of operation [2002]

SHACAL-2

• EU Encryption Standard since 2003

• First reported performance metrics – 26 Gbps [2003]

• Decryption algorithms derived [2003]

• Fastest Encryption Algorithm currently available

Counter to 64

512

Compression Function

Key Schedule

Plaintext

Key

…

Cipher- text

Cnst0 + W0

256 256

0

.

.

.

A0

B0

C0

D0

32

H0

.

.

.

.

.

.

A1

B1

C1

D1

H1

Compression Function

1

.

.

.

.

.

.

A2

B2

C2

D2

H2

…

…

…

…

.

.

.

Compression Function

63

.

.

.

A63

B63

C63

D63

H63

… Cnst1 + W1 Cnst63 + W63

Memory

32

+

WLAN SECURITY

• Novel IEEE802.11i WLAN solution [2004]

• Supports ALL WLAN security protocols eg WEP, TKIP

• Backwards compatible & future upgrade ablility

PRIVATE KEY RISC MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE

• Novel design comprising DES & AES coprocessors, extended cryptographic instruction set & AES specific instructions (GF Multiplication) [2005]

Cryptographic Algorithms and Architectures for System-on-Chip

M. McLoone, C. McIvor, J. McCanny, C. McGrath, P. Moore, N. Smyth