Download - BS EN 287-1 : 2001

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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN287-1 : 1992

IncorporatingAmendment No. 1 andNo. 2 and CorrigendumNo. 1

The European Standard EN 287 : Part 1 : 1992, with the incorporation of itsamendments A1 : 1997 and A2 : 1998, has the status of a British Standard

ICS 25.160.01

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

Approval testing ofwelders for fusionwelding

Part 1. Steels

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BS EN 287-1 : 1992/A1 : 1997 Issue 4, April 1998

This British Standard, havingbeen prepared under thedirection of the EngineeringSector Board, was publishedunder the authority of theStandards Board and comes intoeffect on15 August 1997

BSI 1998

The following BSI referencesrelate to the work on thisstandard:Committee reference WEE/36Draft for comment 89/70005 DC

ISBN 0 580 20325 5

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Text affected

9665 August 1997 Indicated in the margin by a sideline

9804 January1998

Indicated in the margin by a sideline

10009Corr. No. 1

April 1998 Indicated in the margin by a sideline

Committees responsible for thisBritish Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical CommitteeWEE/36, Approval testing of welding procedures and welders, upon which thefollowing bodies were represented:

Aluminium Federation

Associated Offices Technical Committee

Association of Consulting Scientists

British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd.

British Gas plc

British Nuclear Fuels plc

British Railways Board

British Steel Industry

Electricity Industry in United Kingdom

Engineering Equipment and Material Users' Association

General, Municipal, Boilermakers' and Allied Trades Union

Health and Safety Executive

Lloyd's Register of Shipping

Ministry of Defence

Power Generation Contractors' Association (BEAMA Ltd.)

Process Plant Association

Railway Industry Association of Great Britain

Stainless Steel Fabricators' Association of Great Britain

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

The Welding Institute

Welding Manufacturers' Association (BEAMA Ltd.)

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Issue 3, April 1998 BS EN 287-1 : 1992/A1 : 1997

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National foreword

This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Welding StandardsPolicy Committee and is the English language version of EN 287 Approval testing ofwelders Ð Fusion welding Ð Part 1 : Steels, incorporating amendments A1 and A2,published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersedesBS 4871 : Part 1 : 1982 which is withdrawn.

EN 287-1 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UK tookan active part.

Contract requirements

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunityfrom legal obligations.

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CENEuropean Committee for Standardization

ComiteÂ EuropeÂen de Normalisation

EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈ r Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

1997 Copyright reserved to CEN membersRef. No. EN 287-1 : 1992/A1 : 1997 E

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 287-1

NORME EUROPEÂ ENNE February 1992

EUROPAÈ ISCHE NORM +A1

April 1997

UDC: 621.791-057.2 : 377.127.6 : 669.14

Descriptors: Welding, fusion welding, steels, welders (personnel), approval, specifications, inspection, tests, acceptability,quality certificate

English version

Approval testing of welders Ð Fusion welding Ð

Part 1: Steels

(includes amendment A1 : 1997)

Qualification des soudeurs Ð Soudage parfusion Ð Partie 1: Aciers(inclut l'amendement A1 : 1997)

PruÈfung von Schweiûern Ð Schmelzschweiûern ÐTeil 1: Stahl(enthaÈlt AÈ nderung A1 : 1997)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-02-21; amendment A1 wasapproved by CEN on 1997-01-11. CEN members are bound to comply with theCEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving thisEuropean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standardsmay be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of aCEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has thesame status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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Issue 2, August 1997EN 287-1 : 1992/A1 : 1997

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Foreword

This standard has been prepared by Working Group 2Approval requirements for welding and allied processespersonnel of CEN/TC 121, Welding.

For this Standard, ISO/DIS 9606-1 Approval testing ofwelders Ð Fusion welding Ð Part 1: Steels, wasconsidered and used as a basis. However, alterationswere necessary due to the consideration of experienceand updated knowledge.

In accordance with the Common CEN/CENELECRules, being part of the Internal Regulations of CEN,the following countries are bound to implement thisEuropean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark,Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Foreword of amendment A1This amendment, EN 287-1 : 1992/A1 : 1997 toEN 287-1 : 1992, has been prepared by TechnicalCommittee CEN/TC 121, Welding, the secretariat ofwhich is held by DS.

This amendment to the European StandardEN 287-1 : 1992 shall be given the status of a nationalstandard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by October 1997, andconflicting national standards should be withdrawn atthe latest by October 1997.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this Amendment:Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Contents

Page

Foreword 2

Foreword of amendment A1 2

Introduction 3

1 Scope 3

2 Normative references 3

3 Definitions 4

4 Symbols and abbreviations 4

5 Essential variables for approval testing 5

6 Range of approval for the welder 9

7 Examination and testing 11

8 Acceptance requirements for testpieces 20

9 Re-tests 20

10 Period of validity 20

11 Certification 21

12 Designation 21

Annexes

A (normative) Comparison of steelgroups 22

B (informative) Welder approval testcertificate 23

C (informative) Manufacturer's weldingprocedure specification (WPS) 24

D (informative) Job knowledge 25

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Issue 2, August 1997 Page 3EN 287-1 : 1992/A1 : 1997

BSI 1997

IntroductionThis standard covers the principles to be observed inthe approval testing of welder performance for thefusion welding of steels.

The quality of work involved in welding depends onthe skill of the welder to a high degree.

The ability of the welder to follow verbal or writteninstructions and testing of his skill are thereforeimportant factors in ensuring the quality of the weldedproduct.

Testing of skill to this standard depends on weldingmethods in which uniform rules and test conditionsare complied with, and standard test pieces are used.

This standard applies to processes where the skill ofthe welder has a significant influence on weld quality.

This standard is intended to provide the basis for themutual recognition by examining bodies for approvalrelating to welders' competence in the various fields ofapplication. Tests shall be carried out in accordancewith this standard unless more severe tests arespecified by the relevant application standard whenthese shall be applied.

The test weld may be used to approve a weldingprocedure and a welder provided that all the relevantrequirements, e.g. test piece dimensions, are satisfied(see EN 288-3).

The welder's skill and job knowlege continue to beapproved only if the welder is working with reasonablecontinuity on welding work within the extent ofapproval.

All new approvals are to be in accordance with thisstandard from the date of this issue.

However, this standard does not invalidate previouswelders' approvals made to former national standardsor specifications, providing the intent of the technicalrequirements is satisfied and the previous approvalsare relevant to the application and production work onwhich they are to be employed.

Also, where additional tests have to be carried out tomake the approval technically equivalent it is onlynecessary to do the additional tests on a test piecewhich should be made in accordance with thisstandard. Consideration of previous approvals toformer national standards or specifications should beat the time of the enquiry/contract stage and agreedbetween the contracting parties.

1 ScopeThis standard specifies essential requirements, rangesof approval, test conditions, acceptance requirementsand certification for the approval testing of welderperformance for the welding of steels. Therecommended format for the certificate of approvaltesting is given in annex B.

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During the approval test the welder should be requiredto show adequate practical experience and jobknowledge (test non mandatory) of the weldingprocesses, materials and safety requirements for whichhe is to be approved; information on these aspects isgiven in annex D.

This standard is applicable when the welder's approvaltesting is required by the purchaser, by inspectionauthorities or by other organizations.

This standard applies to the approval testing ofwelders for the fusion welding of steels.

The welding processes referred to in this standardinclude those fusion welding processes which aredesignated as manual or partly mechanized welding.This standard does not cover fully mechanized andautomatic welding processes (see 5.2).

This standard covers approval testing of welders forwork on semi-finished and finished products madefrom wrought, forged or cast material types listedin 5.4.

The certificate of approval testing is issued under thesole responsibility of the examiner or examining body.

2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated orundated reference, provisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at theappropriate places in the text and the publications arelisted hereafter. For dated references, subsequentamendments to or revisions of any of thesepublications apply to this European Standard onlywhen incorporated in it by amendment or revision. Forundated references the latest edition of the publicationreferred to applies.

EN 288-2 Specification and approval ofwelding procedures for metallicmaterials Ð Part 2: Weldingprocedure specification for arcwelding

EN 288-3 Specification and approval ofwelding procedures for metallicmaterials Ð Part 3: Weldingprocedure tests for the arc weldingof steels

prEN 499 Classification of covered electrodesfor manual metal arc welding ofcarbon steels, carbon-manganesesteels and micro alloyed steels

EN 571-1 Non-destructive testing ÐPenetrant inspection ÐPart 1: General principles for theexamination

EN 910 Destructive tests on welds inmetallic materials Ð Bend tests

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prEN 1290 Non-destructive examination ofwelds Ð Magnetic particles testingof welds Ð Method

EN 1320 Destructive tests on welds inmetallic materials Ð Fracture tests

EN 1321 Destructive examination of weldsin metallic materials ÐMacroscopic and microscopicexamination of welds

prEN 1435 Non-destructive examination ofwelds Ð Radiographicexamination of welded joints

EN 25817 Arc-welded joints in steel ÐFusion welding Ð Guidance onquality levels for imperfections

EN 26520 Classification of imperfections inmetallic fusion welds, withexplanations

ISO 857 : 1990 Welding, brazing and solderingprocesses Ð Vocabulary

ISO 3452 : 1984 Non-destructive testing ÐPenetrant inspection Ð Generalprinciples

ISO 3580 : 1975 Covered electrodes for manual arcwelding of creep-resisting steels ÐCode of symbols for identification

ISO 3581 : 1976 Covered electrodes for manual arcwelding of stainless and othersimilar high alloy steels Ð Code ofsymbols for identification

ISO 4063 : 1990 Welding, brazing, soldering andbraze welding of metals ÐNomenclature of processes andreference numbers for symbolicrepresentation on drawings

ISO 6947 : 1990 Welds Ð Working positions ÐDefinitions of angles of slope androtation

3 Definitions

3.1 welder

A welder who holds and manipulates the electrodeholder, welding gun, torch or blowpipe by hand.

3.2 welding operator

A welder who operates welding equipment with partlymechanized relative movement between the electrodeholder, welding gun, torch or blowpipe and theworkpiece.

3.3 examiner or examining body

A person or organization who verifies compliance withthe applicable standard. The examiner/examining bodyshall be acceptable to any contracting party.

3.4 welding procedure specification (WPS)

A document providing in detail the required variablesfor a specific application to assure repeatability.

3.5 range of approval

The extent of approval for an essential variable.

3.6 test piece

The welded assembly which is used in the approvaltest.

3.7 test specimen

The part or portion cut from the test piece in order toperform a specified destructive test.

3.8 test

A series of operations which will include the making ofa welded test piece and subsequent non-destructiveand/or destructive testing and reporting of results.

4 Symbols and abbreviations

4.1 General

Where the full wording is not used, the followingsymbols and abbreviations shall be used whencompleting the test certificate (see annex B).

4.2 Test piece

a nominal throat thickness

BW butt weld

D outside diameter of pipe

FW fillet weld

P plate

t plate or pipe wall thickness

T pipe

z leg length of fillet weld

4.3 Consumable (including auxiliaries,e.g. shielding gas, flux)

nm no filler metal

wm with filler metal

A acid covering

B basic covering

C cellulosic covering

R rutile covering

RA rutile-acid covering

RB rutile-basic covering

RC rutile-cellulosic covering

RR rutile thick covering

S other types

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1) The word `pipe', alone or in combination, is used to mean `pipe', `tube' or `hollow section'.

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4.4 Miscellaneous

bs welding from both sides

gg back gouging or back grinding of welds

mb welding with backing material

nb welding without backing

ng no back gouging or no back grinding

ss single-side welding

5 Essential variables for approval testing

5.1 General

The criteria specified in this clause shall be examinedin order to identify the ability of the welder in theseareas. Each criterion is considered to be a significantfactor in the approval testing.

The welder's approval test shall be carried out on testpieces and is independent of the type of construction.

5.2 Welding processes

Welding processes are defined in ISO 857 and referencenumbers of welding processes for symbolicrepresentation are listed in ISO 4063.

This standard covers the following welding processes:

111 Ð metal-arc welding with covered electrode;

114 Ð flux-cored wire metal-arc welding without gasshield;

121 Ð submerged arc welding with wire electrode;

131 Ð metal-arc inert gas welding (MIG welding);

135 Ð metal-arc active gas welding (MAG welding);

136 Ð flux-cored wire metal-arc welding with activegas shield;

137 Ð flux-cored wire metal-arc welding with inert gasshield;

141 Ð tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG welding);

15 Ð plasma arc welding;

311 Ð oxy-acetylene welding;

other fusion welding processes by agreement.

5.3 Joint types (butt and fillet welds)

Test pieces shall be produced for butt weld (BW) andfillet weld (FW) in plates (P) or pipes1) (T) forapproval tests in accordance with 7.2.

5.4 Material groups

5.4.1 General

In order to minimize unnecessary multiplication oftechnically identical tests, steels with similarmetallurgical and welding characteristics are groupedfor the purpose of a welder's approval (see 5.4.2).

In general, a welder's approval test shall involvedepositing weld metal having a chemical compositioncompatible with any of the steels in the parent metalgroup(s).

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The welding of any one material in a group confersapproval on the welder for the welding of all othermaterials within the same group.

When welding parent metals from two different groupswhich do not give approval to each other according totables 4 and 5 (see 6.4) an approval for thecombination as a separate group is required.

When the filler metal is dissimilar to the parent metalgroup, an approval for that combination of parentmetal group and filler metal is needed, except whenpermitted by tables 4 and 5.

5.4.2 Steel groups of parent metal

5.4.2.1 General

For the comparison of steel groups for the approval ofwelders and welding procedure testing according toEN 288-3, see annex A.

5.4.2.2 Group W 01

Low-carbon unalloyed (carbon-manganese) steelsand/or low alloyed steels.

This group also includes fine-grained structural steelwith a yield strength, ReH # 360 N/mm2.

5.4.2.3 Group W 02

Chromium-molybdenum (CrMo) and/orchromium-molydenum-vanadium (CrMoV)creep-resisting steels.

5.4.2.4 Group W 03

Fine-grained structural steels normalized, quenchedand tempered as well as thermomechanically treatedsteels with a yield strength, ReH > 360 N/mm2 as wellas similarly weldable nickel steels, with a nickelcontent of 2 % to 5 %.

5.4.2.5 Group W 04

Ferritic or martensitic stainless steels, with achromium content of 12 % to 20 %.

5.4.2.6 Group W 11

Stainless ferritic-austenitic and austenitic stainlesschromium-nickel (CrNi) steels.

5.5 Consumables

5.5.1 General

It is assumed that in most approval tests the fillermetal will be similar to the parent metal. When awelder's test has been carried out using a filler metal,shielding gas or flux suitable for that material group,this test will confer approval on the welder to use anyother similar consumables (filler metal, shielding gas orflux) for the same material group.

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5.5.2 Metal-arc welding with covered electrodes

Covered electrode groups are classified with respect tothe most important characteristics according toprEN 499 as follows:

± A acid covering;

± B basic covering;

± C cellulosic covering;

± R rutile covering;

± RA rutile-acid covering;

± RB rutile-basic covering;

± RC rutile-cellulosic covering;

± RR rutile thick covering;

± S others.

NOTE. For further details on covered electrodes reference shouldbe made to prEN 499, ISO 3580 or ISO 3581 according to the steelin question.

5.6 Dimensions

The welder approval test should be based on thethickness of the material (i.e. plate thickness or wallthickness of pipe) and pipe diameters which thewelder will use in production. A test is listed for eachof the three ranges of plate thickness and pipe wallthickness or pipe diameter as specified intables 1 and 2.

It is not intended that thicknesses or diameters shouldbe measured precisely but rather the generalphilosophy behind the values given in tables 1and 2 should be applied.

Table 1. Test piece (plate or pipe) and rangeof approval

Test piece thickness tmm

Range of approval

t # 3 t to 2t1)

3 < t # 12 3 mm to 2t2)

t > 12 $ 5 mm1) For oxy-acetylene welding (311): t to 1,5 t.

2) For oxy-acetylene welding (311): 3 mm to 1,5 t.

Table 2. Test piece diameter and range ofapproval

Test piece diameter D1)

mmRange of approval

D # 25 D to 2D

25 < D # 150 0,5D to 2D (25 mm min.)

D > 150 $ 0,5D1) For structural hollow sections `D' is the dimension of thesmallest side.

5.7 Welding positions

For the purpose of this standard the welding positionsidentified in figures 1 and 2 shall apply (according toISO 6947). Angles of slope and rotation for straightwelds in the welding positions shall be in accordancewith ISO 6947.

The positions and angles used in the approval test shallbe based on the same tolerances as used inproduction.

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Figure 1. Welding positions for plates

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| Figure 2. Welding positions for pipes

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6 Range of approval for the welder

6.1 General

As a general rule, the test piece approves the weldernot only for the conditions used in the test, but alsofor all joints which are considered easier to weld. Therange of approval for each type of test is given in therelevant subclauses and tables. In these tables therange of approval is indicated in the same horizontalline.

6.2 Welding process

Each test normally approves one process. A change ofprocess requires a new approval test. However, it ispossible for a welder to be approved for more thanone welding process by a single test or by twoseparate approval tests to be used to cover amulti-process joint. For example, in a case whereapproval is required for a single-side butt joint with theroot to be welded by TIG (141) without backing and tobe filled by metal-arc welding with covered electrode(111), the welder may be approved by either of thefollowing routes:

a) successful completion of an approval testsimulating the multi-process joint, i.e. the root runwelded by TIG (141) without backing, subsequentruns or layers welded by metal-arc welding withcovered electrode (111) within the limits of the rangeof approval for each welding process;

b) successful completion of separate relevantapproval tests one for TIG (141) without backing forthe root run and a separate test for the fill bymetal-arc welding with covered electrode (111) withbacking or welded from both sides with or withoutgouging.

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6.3 Joint types

Depending on the test piece, the range of welds forwhich the welder is approved is shown in table 3; thefollowing criteria are applicable:

a) approval for butt welds in pipes includes buttwelds in plates;

b) approval for butt welds in plates in all relevantpositions covers butt welds on pipes having anoutside diameter $ 500 mm, except item c) alsoapplies;

c) approval on test butt joints in plates welded inthe flat (PA) or horizontal (PC) position shall includeapproval for butt joints in pipes of outside diameter$ 150 mm welded in similar positions according totable 7;

d) welding from one side without backing approveswelds from one side with backing and welds fromboth sides with and without gouging;

e) welding in plates or pipes with backing approveswelds made from both sides, but not for weldswithout backing;

f) butt welds approve fillet welds for similar weldingconditions;

g) in cases where the production work ispredominantly fillet welding, it is recommended thatthe welder should be approved also by anappropriate fillet welding test, i.e. on plate, pipe orbranch connection (see EN 288-3);

h) welding from both sides without gougingapproves welds from one side with backing andwelds from both sides with gouging;

i) approval for butt welds in pipes without backingincludes approval for branch connections within thesame range of approval as in tables 3 to 7. For abranch weld the range of approval is based on thediameter of the branch;

j) in cases where the production work is eitherpredominantly branch welding or involves a complexbranch connection, it is recommended that thewelder should receive special training. In some casesa welder approval test on a branch connection maybe necessary.

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Issue 2, August 1997EN 287-1 : 1992/A1 : 1997

BSI 1997

Table 3. Range of approval for tests on butt joints (Details of weld type)

Details of weld type Range of approval

Butt welds in plate Butt welds in pipe

Welded from one side(ss)

Welded from bothsides (bs)

Welded from one side(ss)

Withbacking(mb)

Nobacking(nb)

Withgouging(gg)

Nogouging(ng)

Withbacking(mb)

Nobacking(nb)

Butt weldin plate

Weldedfrom oneside (ss)

Withbacking

mb * Ð 3 Ð 1) Ð

Nobacking

nb 3 * 3 3 1) 1)

Weldedfrom bothsides (bs)

Withgouging

gg 3 Ð * Ð 1) Ð

Nogouging

ng 3 Ð 3 * 1) Ð

Butt weldin pipe

Weldedfrom oneside (ss)

Withbacking

mb 3 Ð 3 Ð * Ð

Nobacking

nb 3 3 3 3 3 *

1) See 6.3b and 6.3c.

Key

* indicates the weld for which the welder is approved in the approval test.

3 indicates those welds for which the welder is also approved.

Ð indicates those welds for which the welder is not approved.

6.4 Material groups

According to the material group of the test piece, therange of materials for which a welder is approved isshown in tables 4 and 5 (see 5.4). For any steel notcovered by any of the steel groups the welder shallcarry out an approval test, which only approves forthat steel.

Table 4. Range of approval for parent metal

Materialgroup ofapprovaltest piece

Range of approval

W 01 W 02 W 03 W 04 W 11

W 01 * Ð Ð Ð Ð

W 02 3 * Ð Ð Ð

W 03 3 3 * Ð Ð

W 04 3 3 Ð * Ð

W 11 31) 31) 31) 31) *1) When using filler metal from group W 11.

Key

* indicates the material group for which the welder is approvedin the approval test.

3 indicates those material groups for which the welder is isalso approved.

Ð indicates those material groups for which the welder is notapproved.

NOTE. This table applies only when parent metal indicated by *and filler metal are in the same group.

Table 5. Range of approval for dissimilarmetal joints

Material group ofapproval test piece

Range of approval

W 02 W 02 welded to W 011)


W 03 welded to W 011)









1) For a dissimilar metal joint the filler metal shall correspond tothe group of one of the parent metals.

2) When using filler metal from material group W 11.

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6.5 Covered electrodes

A change in the type of electrode coating may requirea change in the welder's technique. An approval test ofelectrode coating will confer approval of the welder forother coatings as specified in table 6.

Table 6. Range of approval for electrodecoating

Type of coveredelectrodes ofapproval testpiece

Range of approval

A; RA R; RB; RC; RR B C S

A; RA * Ð Ð Ð Ð

R; RB; RC; RR 3 * Ð Ð Ð

B 3 3 * Ð Ð

C Ð Ð Ð * Ð

S1) Ð Ð Ð Ð *1) S only gives approval for the specific type of electrode coatingused in the test.

Key* indicates the covered electrode type for which the welder isapproved in the approval test.

3 indicates those electrode groups for which the welder is alsoapproved.

Ð indicates those electrode groups for which the welder is notapproved.

6.6 Consumables

A change of shielding gas or flux is permitted(see 5.5.1).

6.7 Dimensions

The range of approval according to plate thickness orwall thickness of pipe and/or pipe diameter is shownin tables 1 and 2.

6.8 Welding positions

The range of approval for each welding position isgiven in table 7. The welding positions and codes referto figures 1 and 2 (according to ISO 6947).

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7 Examination and testing

7.1 Supervision

The welding and testing of test pieces shall bewitnessed by an examiner or examining body.

The test pieces shall be marked with the identificationof the examiner and the welder before welding starts.

The examiner or test body may stop the test if thewelding conditions are not correct or if it appears thatthe welder does not have the technical competence toachieve the required standard, e.g. where there areexcessive and/or systematic repairs.

7.2 Shapes and dimensions of test pieces

The shape and dimension of test pieces (see 5.6)required are shown in figures 3 to 6.

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Table 7. Range of approval according to welding position

Welding position of approval test piece Range of approval

Plates Pipes

Butt welds Fillet welds Butt welds Fillet welds

Pipe-axis and angle

rotating fixed rotating 1) fixed

0Ê 90Ê 45Ê 45Ê 0Ê 90Ê

PA PC PG PF PE PA PB PG PF PD PA PG PF PC H-L045 J-LO45 PA PB PG PF PD2)

Plates Butt welds PA * Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð

PC 3 * Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð

PG Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð

PF 3 Ð Ð * Ð 3 3 Ð 3 Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð 3 Ð

PE 3 3 Ð 3 * 3 3 Ð 3 3 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð 3 3

Fillet welds PA Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð

PB Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð

PG Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð

PF Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð

PD Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð 3 * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð 3

Pipes Buttwelds

Pipe-axisand angle

rotating 0Ê PA 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð

fixed PG Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð

PF 3 Ð Ð 3 3 3 3 Ð 3 3 3 Ð * Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð 3 3

90Ê PC 3 3 Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð * Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð

45Ê H-L045 3 3 Ð 3 3 3 3 Ð 3 3 3 Ð 3 3 * Ð 3 3 Ð 3 3

J-L045 Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð

Filletwelds

rotating 45Ê PA Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð

1) PB Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 * Ð Ð Ð

fixed 0Ê PG Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð

PF Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð 3 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 3 Ð * 31) PB for pipes may be welded in two versions

(1) pipe: rotating; axis: horizontal; weld: horizontal vertical(2) pipe: fixed; axis: vertical; weld: horizontal vertical.

2) This is an approved position and is covered by the other related tests.

Key

* indicates the welding position for which the welder is approved in the approval test.3 indicates those welding positions for which the welder is also approved.Ð indicates those welding positions for which the welder is not approved.

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Figure 4. Dimensions of test piece for fillet weld(s) on plate

Figure 3. Dimensions of test piece for abutt weld in plate

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Figure 5. Dimensions of test piece for a butt weld in pipe

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Figure 6. Dimensions of test piece for a fillet weld on pipe

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7.3 Welding conditions

The approval test for the welder shall correspond tothe conditions used in production and follow a WPS orpWPS (see 3.4) prepared in accordance with EN 288-2.A format for the WPS or pWPS is given in annex C.

When preparing the WPS the following conditions shallapply:

a) the test shall be carried out with the weldingprocess(es) to be used in production;

b) filler metal(s) shall be compatible for theparticular welding process(es) and position(s);

c) the edge preparation of plates and/or pipes for thetest piece shall be representative of that to be usedin production;

d) the dimensions of the test piece shall be specifiedin the tables and figures in this standard (see tables1 and 2 and figures 3 to 6);

e) the welding shall be carried out in the position(s)and angle(s) of branch connnections normally usedin production (see figures 1 and 2);

f) the weld shall be assessed in accordance withclause 8;

g) the welding time for the test piece shallcorrespond to the working time under usualproduction conditions;

h) the test piece shall have at least one stop and onere-start in the root run and in the top capping runand be identified in the inspection length to beexamined;

i) any pre-heat or controlled heat input required inthe WPS or pWPS is mandatory for the welder's testpiece;

j) any post-weld heat treatment required in the WPSor pWPS may be omitted unless bend tests arerequired;

k) identification of the test piece;

l) the welder shall be allowed to remove minorimperfections, except on the surface layer, bygrinding, gouging or any other method used inproduction. The approval of the examiner or testbody shall be obtained.

7.4 Test methods

Each completed weld shall be examined visually in theas-welded condition. When required (see table 8),visual examination can be supplemented by magneticparticle (see EN 1290), penetrant (see EN 571-1) orother test methods, and macro tests (see EN 1321) onbutt welds.

If accepted by visual inspection, additionalradiographic, fracture tests and/or macro tests arerequired (see table 8).

The macro specimen shall be prepared and etched onone side to clearly reveal the weld.

When radiography is used, bend tests shall always beapplied to butt welds made by MIG/MAG (131, 135) orby oxy-acetylene (311) processes.

Prior to mechanical testing, backing strips, where used,shall be removed. The test piece can be sectioned bythermal cutting or by mechanical means discarding the

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first and last 25 mm of the test piece at the end of theplates (figures 7 and 8).

Table 8. Test methods

Test method Buttweldplate

Buttweldpipe

Filletweld

Visual * * *

Radiography *1)5) *1)5) +

Bend *2) *2) +

Fracture *1) *1) *3)4)

Macro(without polishing)

+ + +4)

Magneticparticle/penetrant

+ + +

1) Radiography or fracture test shall be used, but not both.2) When radiography is used, then bend tests are mandatory forthe processes 131, 135 and 311.

3) The fracture test should be supported by magneticparticle/penetrant testing when required by the examiner orexaming body.

4) The fracture test may be replaced by a macro examination ofat least 4 sections, one of which will be taken from the stop/startlocation.

5) The radiographic test may be replaced by an ultrasonic testfor thickness $ 8 mm on ferritic steels only.

Key

* indicates that the test method is mandatory.

+ indicates that the test method is not mandatory.

7.5 Test piece and test specimens

7.5.1 General

In 7.5.2 to 7.5.5 details of the type, dimensions andpreparation of test pieces and test specimens are given.In addition, the requirements for mechanical tests areindicated.

7.5.2 Butt welds in plate

When radiography is used, the inspection length(see figure 7a) of the weld in the test pieces shall beradiographed in the as-welded condition in accordancewith EN 1435 using class B technique.

When fracture testing according to EN 1320 is used, thefull test piece inspection length shall be tested and todo this, the test piece shall be cut into several testspecimens (see figure 7a). The length of any fracturetest specimen shall be ≈ 50 mm. If necessary, theexcess weld metal of the test specimen may beremoved and additionally the weld edges may benotched to a depth of ≈ 5 mm to facilitate fracture inthe weld metal (see figure 7b). In the case ofsingle-sided welding (ss) without backing (nb), half ofthe inspection length shall be tested against the faceside and the other half against the root side (seefigures 7c and 7d).

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Figure 7. Preparation and fracture testing of test specimens for a butt weld in plate

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When transverse bend testing is used, 2 root bend testspecimens and 2 face bend test specimens shall betested in accordance with EN 910. The diameter of theformer or the inner roller shall be 4t and the bendingangle at least 120Ê unless the low ductility of the parentmetal or filler metal imposes other limitations.

During testing, the test specimens shall not reveal anyone single failure > 3 mm in any direction. Failuresappearing at the corners of a test specimen duringtesting shall be ignored in the evaluation.

For plate thickness $ 12 mm, the transverse bend testsmay be substituted by 4 side bend tests.

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7.5.3 Fillet weld on plate

For fracture tests according to EN 1320, the test piecemay be cut, if necessary, into several test specimens(see figure 8a). Each test specimen shall be positionedfor breaking as shown in figure 8b, and examined afterfracture.

When macro examination is used, it shall be inaccordance with EN 1321.

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Figure 8. Preparation and fracture testing of test specimens for a fillet weld onplate

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7.5.4 Butt weld in pipe

When radiography is used, the inspection length of theweld in the test piece shall be radiographed in theas-welded condition in accordance with EN 1435 usingclass B technique, except where double wall techniqueis necessary.

When fracture testing according to EN 1320 is used, thefull test piece inspection length shall be tested and todo this the test piece shall be cut into at least 4 testspecimens (see figure 9a).

A minimum weld length of 150 mm is required fortesting of pipes. If the circumference is lessthan 150 mm, additional weld test pieces, but max.three test pieces, will be required.

The inspection length of any test specimen shall be≈ 40 mm. If necessary, the excess weld metal of thetest specimen may be removed and additionally theweld edges may be notched to a depth of ≈ 5 mm tofacilitate fracture in the weld metal (see figure 9b). Inthe case of single-side welding (ss) without backing(nb), half of the inspection length (see figure 9a) shallbe tested against the face side and the other halfagainst the root side (see figures 9c and 9d).

When transverse bend testing is used, 2 root bend testspecimens and 2 face bend test specimens shall betested in accordance with EN 910. The diameter of theformer or the inner roller shall be 4t and the bendingangle at least 120Ê unless the low ductility of the parentmetal or filler metal imposes other limitations.

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For the sectioning of test pieces welded in position PF,PG, H-L045 and J-L045 (see figures 2 and 9a), testspecimens shall be taken from different weldingpositions.

During testing, the test specimens shall not reveal anyone single failure > 3 mm in any direction. Failuresappearing at the corners of a test specimen duringtesting shall be ignored in the evaluation.

For wall thickness $ 12 mm, the transverse bend testsmay be substituted by 4 side bend tests.

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Figure 9. Preparation and fracture testing of test specimens for a butt weld in pipe

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7.5.5 Fillet weld on pipe

For fracture tests according to EN 1320, the test pieceshall be cut into 4 or more test specimens andfractured (see figure 10).

When macro examination according to EN 1321 isused, at least 4 test specimens shall be taken equallyspaced around the pipe.

Figure 10. Preparation and fracturetesting of test specimens for a filletweld on pipe

8 Acceptance requirements for testpiecesTest pieces shall be evaluated according to theacceptance requirements specified for relevant types ofimperfections. A full explanation of these imperfectionsis given in EN 26520. The acceptance requirements forimperfections found by test methods according to thisstandard shall, unless otherwise specified, be assessedin accordance with EN 25817. A welder is approved ifthe imperfections in the test piece are within thespecifed limits of level B in EN 25817, except forimperfection types as follows: excess weld metal,excessive convexity, excess throat thickness andexcessive penetration, for which level C shall apply.

If the imperfections in the welder's test piece exceedthe permitted maximum specified, then the weldershall not be approved.

Reference should also be made to the correspondingacceptance criteria for non-destructive examination.Specified procedures shall be used for all destructiveand non-destructive examinations.

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9 Re-testsIf any test piece fails to comply with the requirementsof this standard, the welder shall produce a new testpiece.

If it is established that failure is attributed to thewelder's lack of skill, the welder shall be regarded asincapable of complying with the requirements of thisstandard without further training before re-testing.

If it is established that failure is due to metallurgical orother extraneous causes and cannot be directlyattributed to the welder's lack of skill, an additionaltest or additional test specimens are required in orderto assess the quality and integrity of the new testmaterial and/or new test conditions.

10 Period of validity

10.1 Initial approval

The validity of the welder's approval begins from thedate when all the required tests are satisfactorilycompleted. This date may be different to the date ofissue marked on the certificate.

A welder's approval shall remain valid for a period oftwo years providing that the relevant certificate issigned at six month intervals by theemployer/coordinator and that all the followingconditions are fulfilled.

a) The welder shall be engaged with reasonablecontinuity on welding work within the current rangeof approval. An interruption for a period no longerthan six months is permitted.

b) The welder's work shall be in general accordancewith the technical conditions under which theapproval test is carried out.

c) There shall be no specific reason to question thewelder's skill and knowledge.

If any of these conditions are not fulfilled, the approvalshall be cancelled.

10.2 Prolongation

The validity of the approval on the certificate may beprolonged for further periods of two years, within theoriginal range of approval, provided each of thefollowing conditions according to 10.1 are fulfilled:

± the production welds made by the welder are ofthe required quality;

± records of tests, e.g. half-yearly documentationabout X-ray or ultrasonic inspections or test reportsabout fracture tests shall be maintained on file withthe welder's approval certificate.

The examiner or examining body shall verifycompliance with the above conditions and sign theprolongation of the welder's approval test certificate.135

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11 CertificationIt shall be certified that the welder has successfullypassed the performance approval test. All relevant testconditions shall be recorded on the certificate. If thewelder fails any of the prescribed tests, no certificateshall be issued.

The certificate shall be issued under the soleresponsibility of the examiner or test body and shallcontain all the information detailed in annex B. Theformat of annex B is recommended to be used as thewelder's approval test certificate.

If any other form of welders's approval test certificateis used, it shall contain the information required inannex B. The manufacturer's WPS as shown in annexC shall give information about materials, weldingpositions, processes and range of approval etc., inaccordance with this standard.

The welder's approval test certificate shall be issued atleast in one of the official CEN languages (English,French, German).

The practical test and the examination of jobknowledge (see annex D) shall be designated by`accepted' or `not tested'.

Each change of the essential variables for the approvaltesting beyond the permitted ranges requires a newtest and a new approval certificate.

12 DesignationThe designation of a welder approval shall comprisethe following items in the order given (the system isarranged so that it can be used for computerization):

± the number of this standard;

± the essential variables:

± welding processes: refer to 5.2 and ISO 4063;

± semi-finished product: plate (P), pipe (T), referto 5.3;

± joint type: butt weld (BW), fillet weld (FW),refer to 5.3;

± material group: refer to 5.4;

± filler metal: refer to 5.5;

± size of test piece: thickness (t) and pipediameter (D), refer to 5.6;

± welding positions: refer to 5.7, figures 1 and2 and ISO 6947;

± details of the weld type: refer to 6.3 and table 3,for abbreviations to 4.4.

The designation, where used for computerization, shallbe in the following format:

`xx xxxxx', `xxx', `x', `xx', `xxx', `xx', `xxx', `xxxx',`xxxxxx', `xx', `xx'.

Example:

`EN 287-1', `111', `P', `BW', `W11', `RB', `t10', `D200',`H-L045', `ss', `nb'

followed by further elements of the details of the weldtype in the order as given in clause 4, separated by `,'.These elements are not part of the computer record.

Designation example 1:

Welder approval EN 287-1 111 P BW W11 B t09 PFss nb

Explanation

Welding process: metal-arc welding withcovered electrode

111

Plate P

Butt weld BW

Material group: austenitic steel W11

Filler metal: basic covering B

Dimension of test piece: thickness 9 mm t09

Welding position: butt weld on plate,vertical upwards

PF

Details of the weld type:

single side ss

without backing nb

Designation example 2:

Welder approval EN 287-1 311 T BW W01 nmt02 D20 PA ss nb

Explanation

Welding process: oxy-acetylene welding 311

Pipe T

Butt weld BW

Material group: low-carbon alloyed steel W01

Filler metal: no filler metal nm

Dimension of test piece:

thickness 2 mm t02

pipe diameter 20 mm D20

Welding position:

butt weld on pipe, rotating pipe,horizontal axis, flat

PA

Details of the weld type:

single side ss

without backing nb

NOTE. For explanation of abbreviations used in the designationexamples, see clause 4.

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Annex A (normative)

Comparison of steel groupsComparison of steel groups in EN 287-1 welderapproval with the steel groups in the weldingprocedure standard EN 288-3.

Steel groups

Welder approval Welding procedure according toEN 288-3

W 01 1

W 02 4, 5, 6

W 03 2, 3, 7

steel with a nickel content5 < Ni % # 9 not included1)

W 04 8

W 11 91) Special welder's approval is required (see 6.4).

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Annex B (informative)

Welder approval test certificateDesignation:

Manufacturer's welding procedure specification Examiner or examining body

Reference no. (if applicable) Reference no.

Welder's name: Photograph(if required)

Identification:

Method of identification:

Date and place of birth:

Employer:

Code/testing standard:

Job knowledge: acceptable/not tested (delete as necessary)

Weld test details Range of approval

Welding process

Plate or pipe

Joint type

Parent metal group(s)

Filler metal type/designation

Shielding gases

Auxiliaries

Test piece thickness (mm)

Pipe outside diameter (mm)

Welding position

Gouging/backing

Additional information is available on attached sheet and/or welding proceudre specification No.:

Type of test Performed andacceptable

Not required Name, date and signature

Visual Examiner or examining body

Radiography

Magnetic particle/penetrant Date of issue

Macro

Fracture Location

Bend

Additional tests* Validity of approval until

* Append separate sheet if required

Prolongation for approval by examiner or test bodyfor the following 2 years (refer to 10.2)

Prolongation for approval by employer/coordinatorfor the following 6 months (refer to 10.2)

Date Signature Position or title Date Signature Position or title

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2) If required.

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Annex C (informative)

Manufacturer's welding procedure specification (WPS)(See EN 288-2)

Location: Examiner or examining body:Manufacturer's welding procedure:Reference no.:WPAR no.: Method of preparation and cleaning:

Parent material specification:

Manufacturer:Welder's name:Welding process: Material thickness (mm):Joint type: Outside diameter (mm):Weld preparation details (sketch)2): Welding position:

Joint design Welding sequences

Welding DetailsRun Process Size of

fillermetal

CurrentA

VoltageV

Type ofcurrent/polarity

Wire feedspeed

Run-outlength/travelspeed2)

Heatinput2)

Designation of welding consumables and trade name: Other information2):e.g. weaving (maximum width of run):

Any special baking or drying: Oscillation: amplitude, frequency, dwell time:Gas/flux: Pulse welding details:

shielding: Stand off distance:backing: Plasma welding details:

Gas flow rate: Torch angle:shielding:backing:

Tunsgten electrode type/size:Details of back gouging/backing:Preheat temperature:Interpass temperature:Post-weld heat treatment and/or ageing:Time, temperature, method:Heating and cooling rates2):Manufacturer: Examiner or examining body:Name, date and signature: Name, date and signature:

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3) The numbers refer to ISO 4063.

Annex D (informative)

Job knowledge

D.1 General

The test of job knowledge is recommended, but it isnot mandatory.

However, some countries may require that the welderundergoes a test of job knowledge. If the jobknowledge test is carried out, it should be recorded onthe welder's certificate.

This annex outlines the job knowledge that a weldershould have to ensure that procedures are followedand common practices are complied with. The jobknowledge indicated in this annex is only pitched atthe most basic level.

Owing to different training programmes in variouscountries, it is only proposed to standardize generalobjectives or categories of job knowledge. The actualquestions used should be drawn up by the individualcountry, but should include questions on areas coveredin D.2, relevant to the welder's approval test.

The actual tests of a welder's job knowledge may begiven by any of the following methods or combinationsof these methods:

a) written objective tests (multiple choice);

b) oral questioning following a set of writtenquestions;

c) computer testing;

d) demonstration/observation testing following awritten set of criteria.

The test of job knowledge is limited to the mattersrelated to the welding process used in the test.

D.2 Requirements

D.2.1 Welding equipment

D.2.1.1 Oxy-acetylene welding

a) Identification of gas cylinders.

b) Identification and assembly of essentialcomponents.

c) Selection of correct nozzles and welding torches.

D.2.1.2 Arc welding

a) Identification and assembly of essentialcomponents and equipment.

b) Type of welding current.

c) Correct connection of the welding return cable.

D.2.2 Welding process3)

D.2.2.1 Oxy-acetylene welding (311)

a) Gas pressure.

b) Selection of nozzle size.

c) Type of gas flame.

d) Effect of overheating.

D.2.2.2 Metal-arc welding with covered electrode(111)

a) Handling and drying of electrodes.

b) Differences of types of electrodes.

D.2.2.3 Shielded metal-arc welding(114, 131, 135, 136, 141, 15)

a) Types and size of electrodes.

b) Identification of shielding gas and flow rate(without 114).

c) Type, size and maintenance of nozzles/contact tip.

d) Selection and limitations of mode of metaltransfer.

e) Protection of the welding arc from draughts.

D.2.2.4 Submerged arc welding (12)

a) Drying, feeding and correct recovery of flux.

b) Correct alignment and travel of welding head.

D.2.3 Parent metals

a) Identification of material.

b) Methods and control of pre-heating.

c) Control of interpass temperature.

D.2.4 Consumables

a) Identification of consumables.

b) Storage, handling and conditions of consumables.

c) Selection of correct size.

d) Cleanliness of electrodes and filler wires.

e) Control of wire spooling.

f) Control and monitoring of gas flow rates andquality.

D.2.5 Safety and accident prevention

D.2.5.1 General

a) Safe assembly, setting up and closing downprocedures.

b) Safe control of welding fumes and gases.

c) Personal protection.

d) Fire hazards.

e) Welding in confined spaces.

f) Awareness of welding environment.

D.2.5.2 Oxy-acetylene welding

a) Safe storage, handling and use of compressedgases.

b) Leak detection on gas hoses and fittings.

c) Procedure to be taken in the event of a flashback.

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Issue 2, August 1997EN 287-1 : 1992/A1 : 1997

BSI 1997

D.2.5.3 All arc processes

a) Environment of increase hazard of electric shock.

b) Radiation from the arc.

c) Effects of stray arcing.

D.2.5.4 Shielded gas arc welding

a) Safe storage, handling and use of compressedgases.

b) Leak detection on gas hoses and fittings.

D.2.6 Welding sequences/procedures

Appreciation of welding procedure requirements andthe influence of welding parameters.

D.2.7 Edge preparation and weld representation

a) Conformity of weld preparation to procedurespecification (WPS).

b) Cleanliness of fusion faces.

D.2.8 Weld imperfections

a) Identification of imperfections.

b) Causes.

c) Prevention and remedial action.

D.2.9 Welder approval

The welder shall be aware of the range of theapproval.

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Download - BS EN 287-1 : 2001

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