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BURNOUT IN GAELIC FOOTBALL:What is it? Is it a problem?
How can we deal with it?
Ailsa AndersonUniversity of Ulster28th January 2004
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Current issue
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Plan for tonight• CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING:
• What is burnout and what are the symptoms?• How does burnout links with other problems in
sport?• What causes burnout?• Is burnout really a problem in gaelic football?• If it is a problem how can we deal with/ prevent it?
PROVIDE A FORUM FOR DISCUSSION/ SHAREDIDEAS
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Q. What is burnout and what are the symptoms?• Your thoughts?
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Current definition in sport• Burnout is a syndrome with 3 characteristics:
• 1. Physical and emotional exhaustion• Due to intense demands of training and competition
• 2. Sport devaluation• Stop caring about the sport and own performance
• 3. Reduced achievement in sport• Unable to meet goals/ lack of improvement
• (Raedeke 2000, Maslach & Jackson, 1984)
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Symptoms of burnout seen in research
• PSYCHOLOGICAL• mood• self-esteem• motivation• changes in values and beliefs• emotional isolation• perceptions of exhaustion
• PHYSICAL• sleep/ libido/ appetite• Muscle soreness• Exhaustion• colds• HR/ BP• presence of biochemical
indicators of stress in blood• body weight• aerobic power• muscle glycogen
NB – are individual differences
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Q. Is burnout just overtraining?
• Negative adaptation to training leads to:
• Staleness = reach a plateau in training
• Overtraining = train beyond level that is ideal for maximum benefit (under-recovery?)
• Silva’s (1990) training stress syndrome
STALENESS
OVERTRAINING
BURNOUT
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Overtraining Vs Burnout
• Lack of discussion• Overtraining is one factoris one factor that could
contribute to burnout• But overtraining isn’t the whole picture• Burnout has psychological elements not
evident in overtraining (emotional exhaustion/ sport devaluation)
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Q. What causes burnout?
• Multi-dimensional syndrome so likely to be multiple causes
• What do you think?
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Anecdotal reports
• For example:• 1. Heavy involvement in sport at young age
• 2. Year round training
• 3. Pressure (parents/ coaches/ self)
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Some research from tennis (Gould et al., 1996, 1997)
• 1. PHYSICAL CONCERNS• Injury/ overtraining/ tired all the time
• 2. LOGISTICAL CONCERNS• Travel/ demands on time
• 3. SOCIAL CONCERNS• Dissatisfaction with social life/ poor relationships
with parents/ coaches/ team-mates
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• 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL CONCERNS (50%)• Unfulfilled expectations/ lack of improvement/ lack
of enjoyment/ pressure to win/ /lack of motivation
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Theoretical models of burnout from psychology• Smith’s model
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1) Smith’s stress-based model
ConsequenceIncreased tension/ anger/
fatigue/ insomnia
•Decreased performance
•Ultimately burnout
Thoughts about situation
does the athlete think they can cope with the
situation they are in
SituationTraining demands/
matches/ other commitments/
expectations to win
•Perceived overload
•Perceived lack of control
•Helplessness
•BURNOUT!
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2) Investment model of burnout
• We are usually committed to sport if the benefits outweigh the costs
• Benefits of involvement?
• Costs of involvement?
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Commitment model
• BENEFITS:• Enjoyment• Opportunities that are available because you play
• OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS:• Amount time/ money etc you have invested• alternatives activities available• Social pressure to be involved
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Committed?
• Because wantwant to be involved
• High enjoyment• High investment• High opportunities• High social pressure• Low alternatives
• Because havehave to be
• Low enjoyment• High investment• Low opportunities• High social pressure• High alternatives (but not
available)
• = TRAPPED
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Q. Is burnout an issue in GAA?
• Thoughts?
• Measuring burnout - Questionnaire
• Data from Sigerson players
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Scores on Athlete Burnout Inventory (Dooher, 2004)
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
Exhaustion Devaluation Reducedaccomplishment
SwimmersUUJSt MarysQUB
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Q. If burnout is a problem how can we deal with/ prevent it?• Recommendations:
• For players?
• For coaches?
• For GAA?
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For players
• 1) Play for your own reasons
• 2) Have balance in your life (other activities)
• 3) If it isn’t fun anymore – don’t do it!
• 4) Remind yourself why you play – what do you enjoy?
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• 5) Take time off to relax/recover
• 6) Good diet
• 6) Mental skills –• Set realistic goals• Coping skills• Relaxation• Keep things in perspective
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For coaches• 1. Build open relationship with players
• 2. Create environment where winning isn’t the sole focus
• 3. Appropriate training methods (rest & recovery)
• 4. Establish two-way communication channels
• 5. Ask for and use player input
• 6. View the player as a person not just a player
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For GAA?
• What do you think?
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The future
• Need to establish the extent of burnout in gaelic football
• Determine the influencing factors that are unique to gaelic football
• Need for research….
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Summary
• What burnout is
• Causes of burnout
• Some theories on burnout
• Some ideas on preventing burnout