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Busting the Myth of Digital Twins and Planning Them Realistically
Marc Halpern,
Research Vice President
Cross Industries and Advanced Mfg.
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A Personal Story
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Key Topics
What makes digital twins compelling?
What are the priorities and risks of investing in a digital twins initiative?
What are best practices to avoid digital twin failures?
3 © 2017 Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Key Topics
What makes digital twins compelling?
What are the priorities and risks of investing in a digital twins initiative?
What are best practices to avoid digital twin failures?
4 © 2017 Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What is a Digital Twin?
Physical Object Digital Twin
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Digital Twins are More Than the Model
ModelA model of the "thing"
Datae.g., identity, status, context, ...
MonitorQuery state, obtain notifications
AnalyticsRules, predictions, algorithms,
SimulationSimulate the real-world "thing"
ControlTwins can control the
"thing" they represent
UniquenessEach physical thing has at
least one unique twin
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Facilities and Infrastructure as Digital Twins
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Not All Digital Twins Need to be High Fidelity Physics Models
Digital twins should provide you with a
view into assets — based on your
business objectives
In the era of IoT, we should be able to
have a detailed view of every device.
If you do not have this view you will
be commoditized.
By 2020, OEMs Must Have a Digital Twin Strategy or Risk Commoditization
Image sources: Courtesy of L. Shamanna, A. Velosa, A. Johnson
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Digital Twins Drive Better Decisions
Image source: Gartner and GE Aviation (www.geaviation.com/digital)
Emirates and GE Use Digital Twins to Optimize Maintenance and Identify Engines Requiring Extra Inspection
Blade erosion
GE90 turbine
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Things and Processes Will Increasingly Involve Digital Twins
https://www.gerenewableenergy.com/content/dam/gepower-renewables/global/en_US/downloads/3d-still-images/wind-onshore-digital-wind-farm-representation-1900px.jpg
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Majority of organizations are using or plan to use Digital Twins in the next year itself
In your IoT solution implementation, is your organization also adopting digital twins?
Source: Gartner, 2017© 2017 Gartner, Inc.
8%
20%
7%
19%
24%
24%
Percentage of Respondents
Base: All respondents, excluding "don't know" responses, n = 200
Not familiar with this technology
Not planning to use digital twins
Not using, but planning to use in four or more years
Not using, but planning to use in the next three years
Not using, but planning to use in the next year
Already using digital twins
48%{
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Key Topics
What makes digital twins compelling?
What are the priorities and risks of investing in a digital twins initiative?
What are best practices to avoid digital twin failures?
12 © 2017 Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Priorities for Digital Twins Drive New Business Opportunities
Business
Model
Economic
Architecture
Business
Concept
Digital
Twins
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Digital Twin Value Depends on Your Core Perspective
AssetOEMs
Owner orOperatorof Assets
Main Focus
Value
Challenges
External
Product improvement
Customer service
New business models
Your product team will
need to become a
software + hardware team
Internal
Cost reductions
Process improvements
Safety
Your operations team will
have to integrate multiple
tech companies
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Digital Twin Asset Views: Business Objective Dependent
Rental Fleet
Manager:
Age and miles
Utilization rate
Maintenance $$$
Car User:
Car location
Status (battery, etc.)
Performance
Understanding the relevant business decisions drives the design of digital twin personas.
Image sources: Cars: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dude,_wheres_my_car%3F_(323784683).jpg — under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license.
Tesla: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tesla_Model_S_charging_Folsom_CA_trimmed.jpg/320px-Tesla_Model_S_charging_Folsom_CA_trimmed.jpg —licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.
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You Will Need to Marry Quarreling Ecosystems to Maximize Your Digital Twin Value
Tech Provider
Ecosystem
Digital Twin Model
Developer
Analytics
Integration
Contextual Data
Services
Semiconductor
Enterprise Ecosystem
Component Asset Vendor
Asset Vendor
Asset Owner
Asset Operator
Asset Servicer
IT/OT Stake-holders
Who Is Responsible
for Integration,
Security, Overall
Functionality?
YOU
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Digital Twin Cautions
Data ownership and confidentiality
Data interchange/integration standards
Unclear value of data collected Skills, IT, design, simulation, ...
Vendor lock-in
Longevity of technology and models
Vendor "twin washing"
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Key Topics
What makes digital twins compelling?
What are the priorities and risks of investing in a digital twins initiative?
What are best practices to avoid digital twin failures?
18 © 2017 Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Determine the Digital-Twin-Enabled Business Models (Strategic Business Architecture)
Betterinsights
Customer lifetime value
Customer revenue increase
Economic value analysis
Dynamic contextual data(e.g., weather, location, social media feeds)
Betterdecisions
Prediction on customer behavior
Predict equipment status
Better future-oriented decisions on customers
Increase our:
Revenue
Retention
Return on "loss leaders"
Lower costs
Newproducts
Data streams
Thing models
Utility-based services
Monetize data in new ways.
Establish digital twin model stores.
Become the "master DT" to our customer.
Business Concept Business Model Economic Architecture
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Intelligence
Things IT Systems
EcosystemsCustomers
Scope the Digital Twin Technologies Needed (Conceptual Architecture)
ENGAGE
SENSE
INTERACT
RUN
DECIDE 1011011
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1101100 1011011
00101101011111
1101100
1011011
00101101011111
1101100
1011011
00101101011111
1101100
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Define the Digital Twin Integration Plan (Logical Architecture)
Internal Apps (CRM, ERP,
Analytics, etc.)
Ecosystem Apps (Supply Chain, Digital
Commerce, etc.)
Cloud Apps and Services (CRM, Analytics, etc.)
IoT Endpoints (Simple or Complex)
Digital Marketplace
Connectors
Data
Contextual
Current
Time Series
Events
MonitorMessages
Partner APIs Open APIs
Internal APIs
Model Development
Functional Models
Bill of MaterialsIdentity
Finite Element Analysis
UniquenessIdentity of Things
Partner
Developer
Portals
Partner
Developer
PortalsPartner
Platforms
IoT Platform
External Digital PlatformIoT Endpoints
Analytics
Simulation
Control
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Evaluate IoT and Digital Twin Technologies, Services and Disciplines (Implementation Architecture)
Keep Your Digital Twin as Simple as Possible, but No Simpler Than That.
Digital Twin
Model
Metadata
Monitor, Analytics
Simulation
Enterprise Systems
CAD ModelsPhysics-Based Model
Statistical ModelsFunctional Models
Operational HistoryMaintenance HistoryAggregate Fleet Data
Asset Data
Context Data
Operational Data
Operational Data
Control
Local Model
Unique Identity
Image source: Courtesy of Engie and C3 IoT
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Digital Twin – Best Modeling Practices
© 2017 Gartner, Inc.
Ensure long access life
cycles
Include data from many
sources
Establish well-documented
modelling practices
Involve the entire product value chain
Engage suppliers, partners, and customers in planning and selections
• Maximize editing flexibility
• Plan for the “unexpected”
• Protect against vendor “lock in.”
• Adopt “standards”
• Adopt ISO standards
• Part 10303
• Part 14306
• Part 14739
• Standards-based apps
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Enable Comprehensive Simulation Modeling and Management
© 2017 Gartner, Inc.
System
Model
Detailed
Stress
Analysis Near
Crack
Mass
Transport
Model
Structural
Analysis
Model
Thermal
Management
Model
Geometric
Model
Sensor DataSimulation
DataDigital twin model and data management:
Map simulation data and models
Orchestrate multiphysics effects
Hire model and simulation data management functions
Map contextual external data to digital twins
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Recommended Gartner Research
Four Best Practices to Avoid Digital Twin Failures
Marc Halpern, Andrew Stevens, Alexander Hoeppe (G00331611)
Innovation Insight for Digital Twins — Driving Better
IoT-Fueled Decisions
Alfonso Velosa, W. Roy Schulte and Others (G00324871)
Use the IoT Platform Reference Model to Plan Your IoT
Business Solutions
Benoit J. Lheureux, Yefim V. Natis and Alfonso Velosa (G00311536)
Hype Cycle for the Internet of Things, 2017
Alfonso Velosa, W. Roy Schulte and Benoit J. Lheureux (G00314298)
Digital Twins Will Impact Economic and Business Models
Alfonso Velosa and Dale Kutnick (G00328808)
For more information, stop by Gartner Zone.
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