By: By: Coach Dzialo Jacobs High Coach Dzialo Jacobs High School (Go EAGLES!)School (Go EAGLES!)
Ancient Greece:
The High Water Mark of Western Civilization?
The Geography of Greece
The Geography of Greece
Influences on the GreeksInfluences on the Greeks
• MesopotamiansMesopotamians EgyptiansEgyptians• (ex. Phoenicians-alphabet)(ex. Phoenicians-alphabet)
» GreeksGreeks
» Aegean CulturesAegean Cultures PersiansPersians» MinoansMinoans» MyceneansMyceneans» TrojansTrojans
Bronze Age GreeceBronze Age Greece
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
MINOANSMINOANS
• -Began on Island of Crete-Began on Island of Crete• Elaborate palace at KnossosElaborate palace at Knossos• Highly refined societyHighly refined society• Thrived on trade (Med. Control)Thrived on trade (Med. Control)• Women were well treatedWomen were well treated• Enjoyed leisureEnjoyed leisure• boxingboxing• bull-leapingbull-leaping
Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization
The Mycenaean Civilization
The Mycenaean Civilization
MYCENEAEN MYCENEAEN SIGNIFICANCESIGNIFICANCE
• INVADERS FROM CASPIAN SEA REGIONINVADERS FROM CASPIAN SEA REGION• WARLIKE!WARLIKE!• THE MYCE. INVASION FORCED EVERYONE TO SPEAK THE THE MYCE. INVASION FORCED EVERYONE TO SPEAK THE
SAME LANGUAGE……CRUCIAL FOR GREEK SAME LANGUAGE……CRUCIAL FOR GREEK DEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVEMENTDEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVEMENT
• FOUGHT THE TROJANSFOUGHT THE TROJANS
TROJANSTROJANS
• Geographic RivalGeographic Rival
• Trojan WarTrojan War
• Iliad Iliad and and The OdysseyThe Odyssey
• Epic- long story of overcoming adversity Epic- long story of overcoming adversity with courage (moral guideposts)with courage (moral guideposts)
• Rhapsode – trained reciterRhapsode – trained reciter
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
The Mask of AgamemnonThe Mask of Agamemnon
ATHENS: Yesterday & Today
ATHENS: Yesterday & Today
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
Early Athenian Lawgivers
Early Athenian Lawgivers$ Draco§ “draconian”
$ Solon
$ Cleisthenes§ created the first
democracy
Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE
Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE
Persian Wars: Famous BattlesPersian Wars: Famous Battles$ Marathon (490 BCE)§ 26 miles from Athens
$ Thermopylae (480 BCE)§ 300 Spartans at
theMountain pass
$ Salamis (480 BCE)§ Athenian navy
victorious
Golden “Age of Pericles”:
460 BCE – 429 BCE
Golden “Age of Pericles”:
460 BCE – 429 BCE
ATHENSATHENS
• Athenian male sought leisureAthenian male sought leisure• BoxingBoxing• Sporting events/OlympicsSporting events/Olympics• Banquet/ intellectual discussionBanquet/ intellectual discussion• Freedom of speechFreedom of speech• Compulsory public serviceCompulsory public service• Appreciation of beautyAppreciation of beauty
Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers$ Socrates
§ Know thyself!
§ question everything
§ only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness.
$ Plato§ The Academy
§ The Republic philosopher-king
Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers$ Aristotle
§ The Lyceum
§ “Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation].
§ Logic.
§ Scientific method.
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
Athens: The Arts & Sciences$ DRAMA (tragedians):
§ Aeschylus
§ Sophocles
§ Euripides
$ THE SCIENCES:§ Pythagoras
§ Democritus all matter made up of small atoms.
§ Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”
Phidias’ AcropolisPhidias’ Acropolis
The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today
The ParthenonThe Parthenon
The AgoraThe Agora
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
Olympia: Temple to Hera
Olympia: Temple to Hera
The 2004 OlympicsThe 2004 Olympics
SPARTASPARTA
SPARTASPARTA
Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.
SPARTASPARTA
• Descendants of the war-like DoriansDescendants of the war-like Dorians
• Victims of their own historyVictims of their own history• 10:110:1• Unwilling to dilute their citizenshipUnwilling to dilute their citizenship• Cultivate physical excellenceCultivate physical excellence• All males at age 7– militaryAll males at age 7– military
PELOPONNESIAN WARPELOPONNESIAN WAR
• ATHENS VS. SPARTAATHENS VS. SPARTA
• Conflict attributed to “Greed and Conflict attributed to “Greed and Ambition”Ambition”
» ((Thucydides)Thucydides)» 60 years earlier the Greek city-states united to 60 years earlier the Greek city-states united to
defeat a common enemy the Persiansdefeat a common enemy the Persians» Too much Pride is a bad thing!Too much Pride is a bad thing!
Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars
SPARTAN MILITARYSPARTAN MILITARY
• ALL MALESALL MALES
• Training starts at age 7Training starts at age 7
• Infants?Infants?
• Flogging dayFlogging day
• No family lifeNo family life
• Women- role was to become healthy Women- role was to become healthy Spartan baby makers.Spartan baby makers.
Macedonia Under Philip II
Macedonia Under Philip II
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great’s EmpireAlexander the Great’s Empire
Alexander the Great in Persia
Alexander the Great in Persia
The Hellenization of Asia
The Hellenization of Asia
Pergamum: A Hellenistic CityPergamum: A Hellenistic City
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic
Philosophers$ Epicurians Epicurus§ avoid pain & seek
pleasure.
§ all excess leads to pain!
§ politics should be avoided.
Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic
Philosophers$ Stoics Zeno§ get involved in politics, not
for personal gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good of all.
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences$ Scientists /
Mathematicians:§ Aristarchus heliocentric
theory.
§ Euclid geometry
§ Archimedes pulley
$ Hellenistic Art:§ More realistic
§ Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
The End!The End!