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By: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. Pojer
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Earlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier Explorations1. Islam & the Spice Trade
2. A New Player Europe
Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271
Expansion becomes a state enterprise monarchs had the authority & the resources.
Better seaworthy ships.
3.Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet”
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Admiral Zheng HeAdmiral Zheng HeAdmiral Zheng HeAdmiral Zheng He
1371-1435
Each ship was 400’ long and 160’ wide!
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A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492
A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492
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Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration
Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration
1. By-pass intermediaries (Muslim nations) to get to Asia.
2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples.
3. Reformation refugees & missionaries.
4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue.
5. Technological advances.
6. Fame and fortune.
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New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies
Hartman Astrolabe
(1532)
Better Maps [Portulan]
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass
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New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology
New Weapons New Weapons TechnologyTechnology
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Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator
Prince Henry, the Prince Henry, the NavigatorNavigator
School for Navigation, 1419
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Museum of Museum of NavigationNavigationin Lisbonin Lisbon
Museum of Museum of NavigationNavigationin Lisbonin Lisbon
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Portuguese Maritime Portuguese Maritime EmpireEmpire
Portuguese Maritime Portuguese Maritime EmpireEmpire
1. Exploring the west coast of Africa.
2. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487.
3. Vasco da Gama, 1498.
Calicut.
4. Admiral Alfonso de Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Malacca, 1511).
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Zheng He’s VoyagesZheng He’s VoyagesZheng He’s VoyagesZheng He’s Voyages
In 1498, Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port!
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Christofo Colon Christofo Colon [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Christofo Colon Christofo Colon [1451-1506][1451-1506]
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Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages
Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages
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Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration
Other Voyages of Other Voyages of ExplorationExploration
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Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First
Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16Early 16cc
Ferdinand Magellan & Ferdinand Magellan & the First the First
Circumnavigation of the Circumnavigation of the World:World:Early 16Early 16cc
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Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic Explorations
Looking for “El Dorado”Looking for “El Dorado”
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Fernando CortezFernando CortezFernando CortezFernando Cortez
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
Montezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma IIMontezuma II
vsvs..
vsvs..
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Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortezCortez
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortezCortez
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Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
AtahualpaAtahualpa
vsvs..
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The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”
The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet
Potatoes
Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine
Cocoa Pineapple
Cassava POTATO
Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE
Syphilis
Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice
Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley
Grape Peach SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE
Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox
Flu Typhus Measles Malaria
Diptheria Whooping Cough
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
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Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Explorers Conquistadores
Mission
arie
s
PermanentSettlers
OfficialEuropeanColony!
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TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!
TreasuresTreasuresfrom the Americas!from the Americas!
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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade
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The Slave TradeThe Slave TradeThe Slave TradeThe Slave Trade1. Existed in Africa before the
coming of the Europeans.
2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations.
First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.
275,000 enslaved Africans exportedto other countries.
3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.
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European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
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The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem
The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem
PeninsularPeninsulareses CreolesCreoles
MestizoMestizoss
MulattMulattosos
Native IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack Slaves
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The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic
ChurchChurch
The Influence of the The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Colonial Catholic
ChurchChurch
Guadalajara Guadalajara CathedralCathedral
Our Lady of Our Lady of GuadalupeGuadalupe
Spanish Spanish MissionMission
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The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation
The Treaty of Tordesillas, The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of DemarcationDemarcation
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Father Bartolome de Father Bartolome de Las CasasLas Casas
Father Bartolome de Father Bartolome de Las CasasLas Casas
New Laws New Laws 1542 1542
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New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals
1. Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean.
2. Spain in Asia consolidated its holdings in the Philippines.
3. First English expedition to the Indies in 1591.
Surat in NW India in 1608.
4. Dutch arrive in India in 1595.
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New Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial RivalsNew Colonial Rivals
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Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion
Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion1. Native populations ravaged
by disease.
2. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate.[“Price Revolution”]
3. New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”].
4. Deepened colonial rivalries.
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5. New Patterns of 5. New Patterns of World TradeWorld Trade
5. New Patterns of 5. New Patterns of World TradeWorld Trade