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By: Susan M. Pojerand Lynne Pierce
By: Susan M. Pojerand Lynne Pierce
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Characteristics of UrbanizationCharacteristics of Urbanization During the Gilded Age During the Gilded Age
1.1. Megalopolis.Megalopolis.
2.2. Mass Transit.Mass Transit.
3.3. Pronounced class Pronounced class distinctions -suburbsdistinctions -suburbs
4.4. Squalid living conditions for Squalid living conditions for many.many.
5.5. Political machines.Political machines.
6.6. Ethnic neighborhoodsEthnic neighborhoods..
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Apartment Building - Apartment Building - ChicagoChicago
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Railway Railway ExchangeExchange
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FlatironFlatironBuildinBuildin
g g NYC – NYC – 19021902
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WesterWestern n Union Union Bldg, Bldg, NYCNYC
ManhattManhattan Life an Life InsurancInsurance Bldg., e Bldg., NYCNYC
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Singer Building - NYC - Woolworth Singer Building - NYC - Woolworth BuildingBuilding
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““Dumbbell“ Dumbbell“ TenementTenement
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Tenement Slum Tenement Slum LivingLiving
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Inside the TenementsInside the Tenements
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Street ChildrenStreet Children
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Ellis IslandEllis IslandThe “New Immigrants” Southern & Eastern Europe – Italians, Greeks, Poles, Russians – and Asians
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Ellis IslandEllis Island
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Waiting for EntryWaiting for Entry
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The Test You Can’t Afford The Test You Can’t Afford To FailTo Fail
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So So NearNear, yet , yet ….
So So FarFar
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The New Colossus……Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, ……her name - Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-handGlows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command………."Give me your tired, your poor,Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"Emma Lazarus, 1883
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Struggling Immigrant Struggling Immigrant FamiliesFamilies
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Mulberry Street – “Little Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”Italy”
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St. St. Patrick’s Patrick’s
CathedralCathedral
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Hester Hester Street – Street – Jewish Jewish SectionSection
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Pell St. - Pell St. - Chinatown,NYCChinatown,NYC
Chinese laborers
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The “Chinese Question”The “Chinese Question”The “Chinese Question”The “Chinese Question”
Chinese Exclusion Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)Act (1882)
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””Black & Tan” SaloonBlack & Tan” Saloon””Black & Tan” SaloonBlack & Tan” Saloon
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1890s ”Morgue” – Basement 1890s ”Morgue” – Basement SaloonSaloon1890s ”Morgue” – Basement 1890s ”Morgue” – Basement SaloonSaloon
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Bandits’ RoostBandits’ RoostBandits’ RoostBandits’ Roost Mullen’s Alley Mullen’s Alley GangGang
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Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900
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Anti-Immigrant Anti-Immigrant Reaction Reaction
•American Protective Association
•Immigration Restrictive Acts (quotas)
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Political Bosses Old Political Bosses Old and Newand New
19th Century boss
Richard Daly – Chicago 1960s
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President Ulysses S. Grant 1868-President Ulysses S. Grant 1868-18761876 President Ulysses S. Grant 1868-President Ulysses S. Grant 1868-18761876
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Political Bosses and Political Bosses and MachinesMachines
•Tammany Hall - NYCWilliam Tweed
Thomas Nast
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Nast attacks TweedNast attacks Tweed
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Other Nast CartoonsOther Nast Cartoons
Nast self portrait
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Charles Guiteau
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Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Civil Service Act.
Civil service jobs now awarded on basis of merit – test required or college education
End of spoils system
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Grover Cleveland James Blaine * (DEM) (REP)
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A Dirty CampaignA Dirty Campaign
Ma, Ma…where’s my pa?He’s going to the White House, ha… ha… ha…!
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Cleveland takes on the bosses Cleveland takes on the bosses
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1888 Presidential Election1888 Presidential Election
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison (DEM) * (REP)
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Disposing of the SurplusDisposing of the Surplus
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1892 Presidential Election
1892 Presidential Election
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison again! * (DEM) (REP)
Only President to serve split terms
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Changing CultureChanging Culture
John Dewey – learning by doing Frederick Law
Olmstead
Mark
Twain
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Newspapers & Yellow Newspapers & Yellow JournalismJournalism
JosephPulitzer
WilliamRandolphHearst
Yellow Kid
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City TransportationCity Transportation
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ShoppingShopping
F.W. WoolworthChain store
Marshall-Fields, 1st dept. store
1st grocery store
Sears,Roebuck
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PhotograpPhotographyhy
George Eastman
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EntertainmentEntertainment
P.T. Barnum & Col. Tom Thumb
Vaudeville
flyer
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BaseballBaseball
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FFoooottbbaallll
Walter Camp
Father of Am Football
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BasketballBasketball
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Boxing - Bare Knuckles to Boxing - Bare Knuckles to Gloves Gloves
John L. Sullivan
Jim Jeffries v. Jack Johnson
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The Healthy The Healthy LifeLife
Gym suit 1912