Download - C-Factor Testing
Transcript
Sand roughness
• PVC 1.5 X 10 exp (-3)
• Copper 3.05 X 10 exp(-2)
• Steel 2.8 X 10 exp (-2)
• Lined Cast .1
• Cast .2
• Concrete .3
• Cement .4
C factor
• “A smoothness” coefficient
• Higher C means Lower losses
• Depends on material, finishing when new
• Depends on material, age, chemistry, microbiology when old
• Minor imperfections, scums, can have a great effect
C factor Depends on Diameter
• Low diameters mean low c-factors
• Small imperfections are meaningful
• Turbulence is more widespread
NEW 30 years
• Unlined cast 125• Lined cast 133• Scraped cst 116• Pigged cst 104• DICL 149• PVC 150• CPP 150 (Large dia)
• 70-90
• Long piece of pipe
• Dead ended so flow is in one direction
• Known, Constant diameter
• Minimum of valves, bends, tees, etc