Download - C programming slide c03
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
C-PROGRAMMING SLIDE-3PREPARED BY:-
PRADEEP DWIVEDI(pur. B.TECH-IT)
FROM
HINDUSTAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY
MOB-+919027843806
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Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
C-3
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TOPIC:-Operator and expressionConditional or decisional construct.
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
OPERATOR
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An operator is a symbol that tells the computer to perform certain mathematical and logical manipulation.
In c we have three classes of operators.
Unary operator binary operator turnery operator
(single operand) (two operand) (three operand)
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
OPERATOR
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We have following type of operator1. Arithmetic operators2. Relational operators3. Logical operators4. Assignment operator5. Increment and decrement operator6. Conditional operator7. Bitwise operator8. Special operator.
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
ARITHMETIC OPERATOR
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OPERATOR MEANING
+ Addition (unary plus)
- Subtraction (unary minus)
* Multiplication
/ Division (quotient)
% Modulus (remainder)
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
ARITHMETIC OPERATOR
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Integer arithmetic:-Let a=14,b=4;Then a-b=10; a+b=18; a*b=56; a/b=3;(quotient) a%b=2(remainder)
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
ARITHMETIC OPERATOR
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Note:-when we have lesser numerator then the denominator that time in the case of division operator answer is always 0. and in case of remainder operator answer is same numerator.
6/7=0; -6/-7=0; 6%7=6; -6%-7=-6;Note:-during modulo division the sign of
result is always the sign of first operand (the divident)
-14%3=-2; -14%-3=-2; 14%-3=2;
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
ARITHMETIC OPERATOR
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Real arithmetic:- x=6.0/7.0=.05743; y=1.0/3.0=0.333333; z=-2.0/3.0=-0.666667Note:- the operator % can not be use real operands.Mixed mode arithmetic:-When one of the operand is real and the other is integer
the expression is called a mixed mode arithmetic expression.
If either of operand is of the real type than the only real operation is performed and the result is always a real number.
15/10.0=1.5;
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
PRECEDENCE OF ARITHMETIC OPERATOR
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Higher priority (*,/%)Lower priority (+,-)When we have more than one operator of
same priority that time the priority does not matter and associativity comes in picture. And it usually work left to right.
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
Prog5:-
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/* write a program to convert a temp farenhiet to celcius*/ #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int fa; float c; clrscr(); printf("Enter the farenhite value"); scanf("%d",&fa); c=(fa-32)*5.0/9.0; printf("celcius=%f",c); getch(); }
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
Prog6:-
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/*write a program to convert a given number of days into months and days*/
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int months,days; printf("Enter days\n"); scanf("%d",&days); months=days/30; days=days%30; printf("months=%d days=%d",months,days); getch(); }
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
RELATIONAL OPRATOR
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OPRATORS MEANINGS
< Is less than
<= Is less than or equal to
> Is greater than
>= Is greater than or equal to
== Is equal to
!= Is not equal to
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
RELATIONAL OPRATOR
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Eg:4.5<=10 (true)4.5<-10 (false)-35>=0 (false)10<7+5 (true)
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
RELATIONAL OPERATOR COMLEMENT
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ACTUAL ONE SIMPLIFIED ONE
!(x<y) X>=y
!(x>y) X<=y
!(x!=y) X==y
!(x<=y) X>y
!<x>=y) X<y
!(x==y) X!=y
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
LOGICAL OPERATOR
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We have three logical operatorsLogical AND(&&)Logical OR(!!)Logical NOT(!)In the case of and operator the answer will
be true if both condition’s are true. Otherwise the answer will always be false.
In the case of or operator the answer will be false if the both condition are false otherwise the answer will always be true.
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
NOTE
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Relative precedence of the relational and logical operands is as follows.
Highest ! > >= < <= == != &&Lowest !!It is important to remember this when we
use these operators is compound expressions.
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR
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Assignment operator are use to assign the result of an expression to a variable.
We have seen the usual assignment operator ‘=‘ . In addition c has a set of ‘shorthand’ assignment operator of the form-
Is equivalent to- v= v op (exp);
V op =exp;
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
TABLE- SHORT HAND ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR
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STATEMENT WITH SIMPLE ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR
STAEMENT WITH SHORT HAND OPERTOR
a=a+1 a+=1
a=a-1 a-=1
a=a*(n+1) a*=n+1
a=a/(n+1) a/=n+1
a=a%b a%=b
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
CONDITIONAL/DECISIONAL CONSTRUCT
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When we want a selective execution of a program or want to make some decision that time we used conditional or decisional construct.
C supports following types of decisional construct:-
1. if statement2. switch statement3. conditional operator statement4. go to statement
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
THE IF STATEMENT
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The if statement may be implemented in different forms depending on the complexity of conditions to be tested.
the different forms are-i. simple if statement.ii. if…………..else statement.iii. nested if…….else statement.iv. else if ladder.
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
SIMPLE if STATEMENT
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SYNTAX:-if(test-expression)
{
statement-block;
}statement-x;
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
SIMPLE if STATEMENT(flow chart)
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
THE if………else STATEMENT
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SYNTAX:-if(test-expression){true-block statement(s)}else{false-block statement(s)}statement-x;
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
THE if………else STATEMENT(flow chart)
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
NEXTING OF if….else STATEMENTS
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SYNTAX:-
if(test condition-1)
{
if(test condition-2)
{
statement-1;
}
else
{
statement-2;
}
}
else
{
statement-3;
}
statement-x;
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
NEXTING OF if….else STATEMENTS(flow chart)
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Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
THE else if LADDER
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Syntax:-If(condition-1)
statetement-1;else if(condition-2)
statement-2;else if(condition-3) statement-3;
else if(condition-n)statement-n;
elsedefault -statement;
statement-x;
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
THE else if LADDER(flow chart)
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
SOME POINTS
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When we have only one condition to check that time we should use the if ……else construct.
but if we have multiple condition to check that time we can also use the if ….else but that form is known as nested if…else.
when we have the true condition that time if block will execute otherwise only else block will execute.
if we have only one statement inside the if or else the curly braces are optional otherwise mandatory.
if we don’t want that anything should be happen in false condition that time else is also optional.
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
Prog 7
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/*write a program to compare two number*/#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>main(){int a,b;clrscr();printf("Enter two number\n");scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);if(a==b){printf("both numbers are equal");}else{printf("both numbers are not equal");}getch();return 0;}
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
Prog 8
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/*(use of else if ladder) write a prog to check the entered character is vowel or consonant*/#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){char chr;clrscr();printf("enter a character \n");scanf("%c",&chr);if(chr=='a')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);else if(chr=='e')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);else if(chr=='i')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);else if(chr=='o')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);else if(chr=='u')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);elseprintf("the consonant is: %c",chr);getch();}
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
Prog9
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/*write a program to check the member is voter or not*/#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int age;clrscr();printf("Enter the age of member");scanf("%d",&age);if(age<18)printf("member is not a voter");else printf("member is voter");getch();}
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
THE switch STATEMENT
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switch case is used when we have multiple condition to check.
the switch statement tests the value of a given variable(or expression) against a list of case values and when a match is found, a block of statements associated with that case is executed.
the syntax of switch statement is as shown in next page.
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
THE switch STATEMENT
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switch(expression){case values-1:block-1;break;case value-2:block-2;break;default:default-block;break;}statement-x;
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
THE switch STATEMENT
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the expression is an integer expression or characters.
value-1,value-2,……are constant or constant expressions and are known as case labels.
break is a keyword with the help of it we move out from the switch statement.
default is an optional case. when present , it will be executed if the value of the expression does not match with any of the case values. if not present, no action takes place if all matches fail and the control goes to the statement-x.
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
FLOW CHART-selection process of switch statement
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
RULES FOR SWITCH STATEMENT
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the switch expression must be an integral type.case labels must be unique. no two labels can have
the same value.case labels must end with colon.the break statement transfers the control out of the
switch statement.the default label is optional . if present , it will be
executed when the expression does not find a matching case labels.
there can be at most one default label.the default may be placed anywhere but usually
placed at the end.it is permitted to nest switch statement.
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
prog10
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/*write a program by using switch case to make a calculator*/
#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a,b,c,option;clrscr();printf("Enter two numbers\n");scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);printf("Enter the option which do you
wants\n");printf("1.Addition\n");printf("2.subtraction\n");printf("3.multiplication\n");printf("4.division\n");scanf("%d",&option);switch(option)
/*write a program by using switch case to make a calculator*/
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int a,b,c,option; clrscr(); printf("Enter two numbers\n"); scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); printf("Enter the option which do
you wants\n"); printf("1.Addition\n"); printf("2.subtraction\n"); printf("3.multiplication\n"); printf("4.division\n"); scanf("%d",&option); switch(option)
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
TURNARY OPERATORY
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This is also termed as conditional operator or
The ?:operator.SYNTAX:-
The conditional expression is evaluated first. If the result is non-zero, expression is evaluated and is returned as the value of conditional expression.
Otherwise, expression2 is evaluated and its value is returned.
conditional expression ? expression1:expression2
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
prog11
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#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int num1,num2,max;clrscr();printf("please insert the value of num1 and num2\n");scanf("%d%d",&num1,&num2);max=(num1>num2)?num1:num2;printf("the maximum number is: %d",max);getch();}
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
UNARY OPERATOR
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To work on single operand.1. Increment operator(++)2. Decrement operator(--) Unary operator can be represented on
following ways:-i. Postfix increment (m++)ii. Prefix increment (++m)iii. Post fix decrement (m--)iv. Prefix decrement (--m)
Wednesday, April 12, 2023
PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
UNARY OPERATOR
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Postfix:- If we use postfix increment or decrement
that time we first assign or print the value and then increment the value.
Prefix:-In prefix increment or decrement we first
increment or decrement the value and then assign or print the value.
Note:-The precedence and associatively of ++
and -- operators are the same as those of unary + and unary -
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)
prog12
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/* Demo for unary operators */#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a,b;clrscr();a=10;b=a++;printf("the value of a and b: %d %d",a,b);getch();}
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PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)44
THANK YOU