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Presented by: Samra Iqbal, Tehreem Ifzal & Sumera Yasmeen
University of the Punjab Department of English Language &
Literature
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PHRASE
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phrasesKey concepts
Definition of PhraseNoun PhraseAdverb PhraseVerb phraseAdjective PhrasePrepositional Phrase
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The Main Phrase Structure Rules
1. S NP VP
2. NP (Det) (AP) N (PP)
3. VP (Aux) V (NP)
4. PP (Deg) P (NP)
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DEFINITION OF PHRASE
A group of words that does not contain verb and its subject and used as a single part of speech.
Examples: That shelf will fall. The success of the program The glass broke.
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TREE DIAGRAM (Phrase)
S
NP VP
Det N V The glass broke
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Example of Phrase TreePlay with the toy VP
V
play
NP
the
Det N
toy
PP
P
with
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NOUN PHRASE
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It consists of a noun and any modifier it may have a noun clause or a word such as pronoun that takes the place of a noun .
Its abbreviation is NP
NOUN PHRASE
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TREE DIAGRAME (Noun phrase) NP
N PP
Det N P Det N The success of the program
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Adverb and adverb phrase
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ADVERB PHRASEAn adverb phrase can modify a verb ,
adjective and another adverb .It can appear in a number of different position in a sentence.
Its abbreviation is Adv P
For Example Ken snores loudlyHere loudly is adverb and it modifies the verb snores
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Tree diagram (Adverb Phrase) S Adv P NP VP Det N V NP
Det N
unfortunately the cat killed the mouse
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VERB PHRASE
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VERB PHRASE • A verb phrase is a verb of more than one word. It includes one
or more helping (or auxiliary) verbs and one main verb. The main verb expresses the chief idea in the verb phrase and Helping verb (or auxiliary) verb, which is placed in front of a main verb ,help it to express differ ideas.
• Its abbreviation is VP
FOR EXAMPLE
Can see (helping verb can + main verb see) Would have sent (helping verb would + have + main verb send)
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TREE DIAGRAM (verb phrase)
Move towards the window
V
VP
NP
Prep
NDet
PP
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ADJECTIVE PHRASE
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ADJECTIVE PHRASE A group of words including an adjective and
its complements or modifiers that functions as an adjective. Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, giving a description or more information.
Its abbreviation is Adj P
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Tree Structure ( Adjective Phrase)
He likes raw vegetables and meat.
V
S
NP
Adj ConjN NN
NP VP
He likes Raw vegetables& raw meat … yuck!
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Prepositional phrase
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Definition: In a sentence prepositions show the relation of
one word to another word. Prepositions require an object to complete them, typically a noun or a pronoun. A preposition and its object is called a prepositional phrase.
Example:
over the hillbehind the doorat Mary's house
John could hear her sister snoring across the room.
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Tree Structure of Prepositional Phrase
They arrested the suspect in the hotel.
Det
NP
Det NN
NP
VP
PrepN V
NP
PP
S
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