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Campaigning
Taking active roles as citizens at the local, state, and national levels
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Campaigning- Purpose
Without going getting their message heard, voters would not know who these people were or
what they stood for
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Campaign Process• Canvassing: Party volunteers go door to
door• Ask for votes• Take public opinion polls
• Endorsements: get a popular person to support their candidate publicly
• Advertising and Image Molding: people work to project a certain attitude or image
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Campaign (Propaganda) Techniques
• Tactics used by interest groups to get their candidates elected– Glittering generalities– “Just Plain Folks”– Endorsements– Bandwagon– Symbols– Stacked Cards
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Glittering Generality
“George Bush: Making the World Safe for Democracy”
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Just Plain Folks
• George Bush rides his pickup truck– just like you and me.
• Well, YOU at least.
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Endorsements
• George Bush endorses Arnold Schwarzenegger during the California recall election
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Bandwagon
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Symbols
• Use of the flag or other patriotic symbols to illicit positive responses from voters
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Stacked Cards (Testimonials)
• Giving one side of the issue
• Served as chair of the Congressional Missing and Exploited Children's Caucus
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Campaign Financing
• Public Funding: – The Presidential Election Campaign
Fund gives money to candidates who have raised $100,000 on their own
– The two major parties split the fund in half if they promise not to accept any other contributions.
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Campaigning Financing
–Private Funding• Hard Money: individual donations
made directly to a candidate
• Soft money: donations made indirectly to a candidate’s campaign through another organization like his political party
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Political Action Committees
• PAC’s are organizations formed by businesses and interest groups to fund a candidate’s campaign
– they are a major source of soft money
– Big businesses filter money through these organizations to a political party
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Campaigning Funding
• Campaign Finances pay for
–Ads (television and newspaper)
–Pamphlets
–Touring states and districts
–Campaign employees
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Controversy over Campaign Finance
• Arguments:– Money mainly helps incumbents (people
already in office)
– Middle and Low class people will never be able to raise enough funds to compete with wealthy candidates
– Federal Election Commission tries to monitor where funding come from
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Funding