1
Capacity of integration of Wind Farms within the Spanish power system:
Perspectives from the TSO
“Wind Barriers" Project PresentationMadrid, 7 October 2010
Juan Fran. Alonso Llorente
Contents
Overview of the Spanish Power System
Integration of Renewable Generation (RES) in Spain: sensitive aspects of RES for the power system
In System Planning and Access
Defining new technical requirements
In System Operation: the generation controly p g
Conclusions and Possible trends
2
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Operates the system to guarantee the power supply.
Red Eléctrica de España (REE): Mission and principles.
REE, world pioneer since 1985, as independent and exclusively dedicatedto Transmission and System Operation
Since 2006 also in the extra-peninsular systems
Designs, builds and maintains the transmission network.
Since 2007 as exclusive transmission company
It has proved fundamental for the fast and secure implementation ofelectricity market and integration of RES
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
FREE-FLOAT
80%
SEPI: Spanish Stated Owned Holding Company
SEPI 20 %
SHARE CAPITAL (Closure 2009):
3
Transmission GridMain magnitudes (SPPS)
Closure 2009
REEvs.
TOT
Lines400 kV [km ct] 17 977 99,8%
220 kV [km ct] 16 777 98,4%
Subst. 220 & 400 kV [nº bays] 3 385 96,8%
Transformers 400/X kV [MVA] 66 259 98,8%
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Thinking of the challenges for integration of RES (and wind)
Do we mean system rather than grid?
Is the grid a barrier or an opportunity?Is the grid a barrier or an opportunity?
The challenges are not solely located in the grid, but in the whole
interconnected power system, including wind generation
Alth h thi d d th bj ti d l
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
Although this depends on the objective model
3
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
There are models …No challenges for the InterconnectedSystem or the GridChallenges concentrate on Generation(and Demand)
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Installed capacity september 2010l Bi Cogeneration W T
… and modelsSR RES Generation, and specially Wind, has become a fundamental chapter of the electricity mix
Technology MW %
Hydro-power 16.657 17,6
Nuclear 7.455 7,9
Coal 10.789 11,4
Fuel-Gas 1.849 1,9
Combined cycles 24.792 26,2
Total (ordinary regime) 61.542 65,05
Wind power generation 19.390 20,5
Hydro
17,6%Nuclear
7,9%
Coal
11,4%
Fuel‐Gas2,0%
Combined cycle26,2%
Wind
20,5%
Solar PV
3,6%
Solar CSP0,5%
Mini‐hydro2,1%
Biomass
0,7%
Cogeneration
6,3%Waste Treat.
1,3%
46,6%
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
Wind power generation 9 390 20,5
Solar PV 3.372 3,6
Solar CSP 481 0,5
Biomass 684 2,1
Special regime hydro 1.965 2,1
Cogeneration 5.946 6,3
Waste treatment 1.204 1,2
Total (special regime) 33.062 34,83
Total 94.604
28,8%
4
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Demand supply first semester 2010Very significant contribution of RES - 42% of electric energy
production- due to high hydro and wind production in this period.
Technology GWh
Combined Cycle 28 556Combined Cycle 28.556
Hydro 24.742
Nuclear 22.791
Wind 22.089Non-renewableCHP
15.336
Coal 6.815
Mini-hydro 3.960
Solar 3 091
Hydro18,3%
Nuclear20 6%
Wind16,4%
Solar2,3%
Non-renewable
CHP11,4%
Renewable CHP1,4%
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
Solar 3.091
Renewable CHP 1.896
Fuel-gas 800
TOTAL 135.076
20,6%
Coal5,0%Fuel-Gas
0,6%
Combined Cycle21,1%
Mini-hydro2,9%
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Prospects and main challengesThe current high penetration of RES must be significantly increased due to ambitious national objectives (2020: 20% of Efinal40% Eelectric)
19.390 MW* 3.372 MW* 481MW*
For this challenge, REE is working to achieveSecure Integration of RES objectives in Power
System
Technical challenges motivated by particular features of new generation:
38.000 MW** 8.367 MW** 5.079 MW**
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
… without forgetting other organizational aspects
• Grid development• Technical Requirements• More dispatchable resources•Control by TSO
Technical challenges motivated by particular features of new generation:
Location far from load and gridVulnerability to incidents(voltage dips)Primary energy: Lack of firmness and control
* Power installed Sep 2010** NAP for 2020 submitted to EC in June10
5
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Managing Access and Planning the Grid
A good programming of new non-transmission facilities (e.g., generators) musttake into account decision and commissioning processes in transmission grid:
Decision on transmission facilities
Access to the gridRegulated continuous
process by which REE
assess the aceptability of
non-transmission facilities
applications
Grid Planning• REE carries out the planning studies and
proposals
• National Goverment, with the collaboration of
Regional Administrations, approve the grid
development plan
• Every 4 years, new horizon (10 y)
• Every year review with same horizon
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
9
applications• Every year, review with same horizon
Binding (unlike indicative planning for
generation)
The actual development of the grid (authorization, construction and ; from 1to more than 10 years)
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
RES generation does not avoid distribution grid but requires transmissionexpansion, where the majority of Wind Power (>60%) and Solar Thermal (>80%) isexpected. RES is a relevant motivation in the current Plan:
new lines and reinforcements for avoiding constrains operation
facilities associated to physical connection
Main challenges: Grid Development
N b t ti d b
VCONEJOS
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MORELL
ELS AUBALS
SECUITASECUITA
facilities associated to physical connection
OH Circuit [km] 12.270UG Cables [km] 386Uprating lines [km] 8.308SS [nº bays *] 3.476Transformers [MVA] 52.450Reactors [Mvar] 2.800Capacitors [Mvar] 1.100
New substations and bays: Some 100 buses in 220 kV
and 50 in 400 kV
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
CASARES
ROMICA
ALANGE
ASOMADA
NESCOMBRERAS
PEÑARRUBIA
MANZANARES
TOTANA
PALMARPALMAR
PINILLA
ROCAMORA
ARCOSFRT
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TORREMOLINOS
ENSANCHE
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ESPARTINASSTABARBARA
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SMSALINAS N.
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MANILVA
SALADAS
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ARNEVA
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JANDULA
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UNIVERSIDAD
CASTALLAPETREL ESTE
JIJONA
MONTESA
GANDIA SUR
GUADAIRA
CRUZCAMPO
ATAL AYA
STAJUSTA
ENTRENUCL EOS
LOSRAMOS
CARRILPITAMO
SALADAS
ILLORA
M ARI SM AS
PAL OMARES
AL JARAFE
CASAQUEMADA
LA NAVA II
ALMADEN
SAGRAJAS
N.SALADAS
BARRIOS
Particular significance: Spain-France interconnection
6
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
The development of Spain-France Interconnection with a2 1000 MW DC d d li
Development of the Spain-France Interconnection: A priority
Spain –and Portugal- form a peninsula, also electrically, with weak electricalinterconnections with the European Union.
new 2 x 1000 MW DC underground line-Prioritary EU Project with “European Coordinator”
-1st step for objective of 4.000 MW of commercialcapacity
-Necessary for building the IEM-Fundamental for RES integration in Spain (& Portugal)
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010 11
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
The transmission grid development in Europe
In the Ten Tear Network Development Plan (TYNDP) elaborated by ENTSO-E,
RES integration is a main motivation, representing > 25% of investment
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
Presented by ENTSO-E at Florence forum and published on www.entsoe.eu
7
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Access and Connection : Overview
Procedures for Access and connection are managed by REE, as SO and T
Main Features Main Perspective Object - Scope
Access System Operation System behaviour
6824
12574
12574
19398
19398
EOL_RdDr
EOL_RdTp
EOL_RdTr
EOL_TOTp
EOL_TOTr 22767
8245
14523
18510
27043
Connection Transmission Engineering and Physical Feasibility
Connection Contract (CC)
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
81
81
400
400
481
481
6824
0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000
TS_RdDp
TS_RdDr
TS_RdTp
TS_RdTr
TS_TOTp
TS_TOTr
EOL_RdDp
MW
PES
CTA pte PES (RdT)
AutCon pte PES
AutAcc pte PES
Preasig pte PES RDL 6/2009
Acumulado PES ÷ Aut. Acceso
Acumulado PES ÷ Aut. Preasig.
2521
1819
702
8533
5423
4354
1069
13
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
In any case a new perspective is introduced
From ¿What capacity of integration ?
SRG Integration Studies
PO12.1bRD
To ¿Which conditions and requisites
would be needed to maximize secure integration of SRG (RES) and achieve the foreseen objectives?
PO12.2bRD
Capacity
Bulk System orCoverage Studies(Single Bus SystemAdequacy Studies)
Estimation of OperationConditions
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
14
Grid Studies
CapacityStudyArea: Nodes AC
Estimation of ConstrainsStudy Area : Multi AC
Adequacy Studies)
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Demand Coverage Studies: Perspectives for H2014 - 2016
SRG: Installation according to amounts byRDL6/2009 y RD1578/2008
Load curve is basically maintained
El t i d d “d l d” 3 4
Demand Generation2014 ÷ 2016
“Single Bus” System Model oriented to assess sufficiency ofgeneration (and other) resources to guarantee Security of Supply
RDL6/2009 y RD1578/2008
ORG : Programs from agents
Electric demand “delayed” 3-4 years from last official plan (within H2016) Wind Power 26,3 ÷ 29 GW
[MW]
R R H d d ORG d t S it
SRG according to available estimated resource
Rest ORG
SPILLAGE
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
15
For ORG: Hourly power requirement very exigent for Thermal ORG (stop/start, ramps) For SRG: Spillage of primary resource is foreseen (wind estimations are shown)
very dependent of several factors
may be significant (0,7% ÷ 7 % of potential production)
-Demand (magnitude and manageability)
-Hydraulicity
-Interconnection Capacityf
[h]RoR Hydro and ORG due to Security
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Capacity Studies
Assessment of generation limits to preserve adequacy and security of power
system, according to planning and operation criteria, applied to an horizon within the
current medium term grid development plan
Adequacy: Assessment of generation limits by nodes and zones, reflecting
structural grid capacity
Steady State Behaviour (load flow contingency analysis)
Short-circuit power (5% Scc, for non dispatchable fluctuant generation)
Security: Validation of previously concluded limits by nodes and zones
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
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Dynamic behaviour (stability after short-circuit)
Design criteria: buses with sufficient meshing, minimum magnitud for
generation, …..
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TOPOLOGICAL SCOPE NATURE OF LIMITATION Transmission node (and associated Load flow capacity
Planning and access studies for special generationThe planning and access studies are carried out with different analysisperspectives and different time horizons, resulting in connection capacitieswhich enable location optimization:
(distribution)
p y Short-circuit power (Scc) Stability
CapNode CapReg : Nodal capacities are not mutually compatible and resulting grid development needs are not coherent Electric zones (and associated distribution)
sharing constraint Load flow capacity Short-circuit power (Scc) Stability
Regional and Zonal Capacities are the “reference” for Regional Administrations (competent for AA of SRG) and for access managementThi i lid t t th i l l l d id i t t
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010 17
This scenario validates up to the regional level and avoids persistentconstraints within this scope Power System Feasibility Balance P+jQ
StabilityHowever, lack of national coordination does not prevent potential constraintswhen regional plans are developed up to their limits
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Cost Allocation of New Facilities
Investment CostOperation and
Maintenance Cost
Transmission grid development implications
Maintenance Cost
TransmissionFacilities
Directly associatedto connection
Agent System
StructuralReinforcement
System
(Agent guarantees 20% of Cost)System
Connection Facilities Agent
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
New bay
New substation
as in/out of
existing line
New
bay
Existing
Substation
TransGrid
Connection Facilities (no TransGrid)
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Technological vulnerability (voltage dips which lead tosudden disconnections).
Voltage(pu)
1
start of disturbance
0,80,95 pu
Situations where generators
must remain connected
Main Technical Requirements
0,2
0,5 1 Time (sec)0 15
Clearance of the faultFault length
0,6
2 ph isolated fault
The “grid code” (PO 12.3) establishes the
required level for Low Voltage Through CapabilityReal Time Risk Assesment
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010 19
q g g p y
Need to extend LVRTC to all significant generation
New requirements: specially dynamic control of voltage
Other challenges: protection equipment and philosophy
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The effects of collaboration on wind generationadaptation to technical requirements
Collaboration has been vital for implementation of technical requirements(specially Low Voltage Ride Through Capability)• Grid code improvement (PO12.3: chapter concerning LVRTC)• Elaboration of certification procedures for existing plants• Surveillance of compliance
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
40
60
80
100
r o
f P
ow
er L
oss
es
• Surveillance of complianceThe fulfilment of LVRTC requirements has had a very positive evolution with an immediate consequence on registered generation trips
4.0006.0008.000
10.00012.00014.00016.00018.000
ACCUMULATED CERTIFIED POWER
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 201020
0
2000
4000
0
20
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Nu
mb
er
Number of Wind Power Losses Bigger than 100 MW Wind Power NO Fulfilling PO 12.3
02.0004.000
2007
-09
2007
-11
2008
-01
2008
-03
2008
-05
2008
-07
2008
-09
2008
-11
2009
-01
2009
-03
2009
-05
2009
-07
2009
-09
2009
-11
Total adaptation except <1,000 MW within the next year
and no reductions for this reason within 2010
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Control Needs and Actions upon Special Generation
Special Generation has to be dispatched with priority over OrdinaryGeneration, what implies the actions
1. Whenever technically possible, the SO must solve the technicalt i t b i i i t ti t O di G ticonstraints by issuing instructions to Ordinary Generation:
Power Output Reduction
Disconnection of Plants
2.However, it may be necessary to issue Control Actions on SpecialGeneration, by :
a) Production Constraints (reduce or disconnect):
Taking into account additionalreserves if needed
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010 21
Local zonal congestions (transmission or distribution)
System Stability (instruction depending on technical compliance of plants)
G-D balance in power and regulating reserve (specially off-peak and transitions)
b) Q/V Management: Set-point from SO substitutes reference for cos(established RD661)
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CECRE: Created by REE in 2006, is a control centre devoted to Special Regime Generation and especially to Wind Power:
Integrated in REE’s control structure
Communication with generation Control Centres (SRGCCs) for supervision and control instructions.
REE’s Solution: CECRE
According to RD661/2007 all special regime plants >10 MW must be connected to a SRGCC.
CECRE issues generation instructions through the SCADA system to the Control Centres.
CECOEL / CECORE
CECRE
Link
Direct Link CECRE‐SRG where Setpoint Instruction
is transmitted automatically to be converted by plant
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010 22
SRGCC: Special Regime Generation Control Centre
CCCONV: Control Centre for conventional generation
Link and telecommand
SRGCCnSRGCC1CCCONV …Link and
telecommand
Iccp L
Link and telecommand
744 WPP via 16 GCCs347 nonWPP via 21 GCCs
(Sep 2010)
in effective action, was a scenario non used
25 SRCCGs
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INTEGRATION IN CECRE OF OTHER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES In 2009 new information and functionalities have been incorporated
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
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Production Mismatch over Programmed Production
Production schedules for new RES generation areimproving but are still far from conventional plants interms of firm productionTotal Mismatches are mainly concentrating in the new 2ary
Resources in Aug10
y gRES technologies and require resources (2aryRes+3ary Res + Mismatch Mech)
January 10 May 10 August 10
TECNOLOGY
Total Mismatch (%)
COST [€/MWh]
Total Mismatch (%)
COST [€/MWh]
Total Mismatch (%)
COST [€/MWh]
Wind 10 5 2 39 11 7 1 25 10 6 1 04
2ary Reg
21,7%
3ary Reg
26,2%
Mismatch
Man.52,1%
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
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Wind 10,5 2,39 11,7 1,25 10,6 1,04
Solar PV 22,9 2,27 11,6 0,83 10,2 0,37
Solar Thermal 65,2 4,67 48,1 1,4 22,6 0,78
Hydro 2,9 0,62 4,3 0,31 3,5 0,34
Thermal RES 6,2 1,04 10 0,54 3,4 0,23Thermal non RES 1,9 0,34 2,2 0,1 3,5 0,10
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Wind Power: Aggregated hourly deviation (%)
D i ti hi hl t bili dDeviation highly stabilised:
Weighted Average Deviation: 13 - 14 %
Simple Average Deviation : 16 - 17 %
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Wind Power: Aggregated deviation (by program and hour)
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010 26
No evidence that
distance to closure time
implies more accuracy
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Production Mismatch. Some comparisons (i)Wind Power Mismatch and Cogeneration Mismatch
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
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The many advantages of renewable energy lead to maximize installation.
In this context REE works in the solution of the challenges (technical,regulatory, organisational) in order to preserve the security and quality ofsupply in the power system.
Some conclusions and possible trends
supply in the power system.
Grid Access, Planning and Development: Significant expansion is needed
Better Controllability for System Operation, including forecast improvement
Identification of new technical requirements and regulatory proposals
However, probably the greatest challenges lay on preserving dispatchabilitywhen balancing G D, which calls for resources and sufficient control by TSO
New generation satisfying response requirements and enlarging energy storage
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
New generation satisfying response requirements and enlarging energy storagepossibilities
More active participation of the demand side, including the incorporation to the
electric sector energy consumption currently in other sectors: Electric Vehicles
For this aim, fruitful coordination of involved stakeholders and Adminstrationsis necessary
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Thanks for your attention!
Juan Francisco Alonso Llorente
www.ree.es
Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010
www.ree.es