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Carbon Chemistry
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Properties of Carbona. Carbon is the element found in all living
things.b. Because carbon has 4 valence electrons, it
can gain, lose or share electrons. Carbon can combine with itself and other elements in many ways.
c. It can form straight chains, branched chains and ring patterns.
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Carbon Compoundsa. Carbon compounds include gases (propane), liquids (olive oil), and
solids (cotton). More than 90% of all known compounds contain carbon.
b. Organic compounds contain carbon. Organic means “of living things”.c. Hydrocarbons are made from hydrogen (H) and carbon (C). Methane
(CH4), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10) are all hydrocarbons.d. Polymers are very large molecules made of a chain of many smaller
molecules called monomers.
monomer – monomer– monomer – monomer – monomer = polymer
e. Organic polymers are made from living things like cotton and silk.f. Synthetic polymers are made in factories like polyester, nylon, or
plastic.
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Life with Carbon
The 4 large carbon compounds (polymers) that all living things have.
a. Carbohydratesb. Proteinsc. Lipidsd. Nucleic acids
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Carbohydrates
a. Monomers: simple sugarsb. Polymers: starches that are in rice, pasta,
potatoes, and bread (they are complex carbohydrates)
c. Have the elements carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygend. Carbohydrates are a source of energy that
the body used.
Large molecule that
has carbon
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Proteins
a. Monomers: amino acidsb. Polymer: proteinc. Proteins build an repair body parts.
Large molecule that
has carbon
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Nucleic Acids
• Monomer: nucleotide (sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base)
• Polymer: DNA or RNA• The order of the nucleotides determines the
differences between living things.
Large molecule that
has carbon
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Lipids
a. Fats (solid at room temp) and oils (liquid at room temp) are lipids
b. Stores 2 x more energy than carbohydrates.
Large molecule that
has carbon
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Small Molecules that do not have carbon
But are essential to life• Water• Vitamins• Minerals• salts
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6 elements that life needs:
• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Phosphorus• SulfurC.H.O.N.P.S.