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Caring for and Guiding ChildrenChapter 13
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Providing a Nurturing
Environment 13:1
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All children need a nurturing environment to help them grow and develop. In a nurturing environment, children feel secure, protected, satisfied, and loved.
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Sending Messages with LoveChildren need to hear love expressed in verbal
and nonverbal messages
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Making Direct Eye ContactParents can send a message of care and love
by looking directly into the child’s eyes Helps meets children’s emotional needs and
learn to make direct eye contact with others as they build relationships
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Providing Close Physical ContactMessages sent by physical contact; usually
signals of caring, concern, support, and love
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Spending Time TogetherAn important way for parents to help their
children feel loved is to spend time with them. Children need undivided and uninterrupted
time even if the time is short
Listen to the child and show empathy
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Providing Guidance
13:2
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Children do not automatically know what they should or should not do. They need guidance from their parents
Guidance is all that parents do and say as they influence their children’s behavior in a positive way. This will help children grow to maturity and learn to to be productive members of society.
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With proper guidance, children will learn self- control.
Guidance should include1. Love being the key ingredient2. A child’s self-esteem or value as a person should
always be upheld3. The method should help the child learn self-
control
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ModelingModeling is acting in a way that sets a good
exampleParents are a child’s first role model
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Setting Limits Limits should be well defined and clearly
explained will help a child learn self-control
Be ConsistentKeep both the child’s and parent’s welfare in
mindUse positive reinforcement
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Establishing RoutinesRoutines give a feeling of security to a child’s
lifeRoutines also help parents show parental
control In turn helps the child learn self-control
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RedirectingRedirecting is when a parent guides their child
from one activity to a more acceptable one.
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Making RequestParents can guide a child’s actions by
expressing personal desiresFor example “Brodie, I would like you to put
your Legos in the Lego box.”
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ReinforcingWhen a child preforms a desired behavior,
reinforcement can influence the child to repeat that behavior
Reinforcing Desired Behavior Right after the desired behavior
Reinforcing Negative Behavior Getting what child wants because they keep
asking Not paying attention when children are playing Must make sure you are praising good behavior
and not just calling attention to bad behavior
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Using Natural Consequences Natural consequences are the normal results of
an actions
A direct relationship must exist between the child’s choice of action and the result of that action.
The natural consequences should not be dangerous to the child’s health or welfare
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Punishing Punishment gives the child a reason to regret
engaging in behavior he or she knew was wrong. They must be old enough to understand
Punishment must fit the wrong behavior Timeout
Parents should discuss the punishment first
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Choosing a Guidance Method1. Why did the child act this way? 2. What can I do to help the child learn
appropriate behavior?
1. Identify the problem first2. Identify which guidance method will help the
child learn self-control
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Providing Opportunities
for Play13:3
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Importance of Play Build self-esteemEncourage creativity Learn about different rolesBuild relationshipsPractice new skillsFocus on tasks
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Type of PlayManipulative play – putting beads on a string Large-Muscle Play (gross-motor) – walk, run,
jump, kick, hop, skip, or pedalWater and Sand Play- learn science conceptsHousekeeping Play – act our homelife
experiences and imitate rolesDramatic play – express needs or release
frustrations
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Stages of Play One stage builds onto the next stage1. Solitary play – play alone and ignore other children2. Onlooker play – toddlers watch other children play but will
not join in3. Parallel play – child play side by side without interacting
with each other 4. Associative play – (3 yrs-elementary years) enjoys playing
with others, may share toys but do not organize their play5. Cooperative play (around 10 yrs) work together to reach a
common goal, allows them to play team sport
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Choosing Toys for Children’s PlayAllows imaginationProvide gross-motor exercise
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Guidelines for Toy Selection Chart page 290 Are safe to use – nonflammable or flam-resistant
materials Have interesting color, shape, and texture Stimulate new kinds of exploration Fit a variety of play settings Help a child express creativity Are durable Match the age of the child
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Technology and the Development of a Child Limit the child’s time spent with electronic
entertainmentControl exposure to violent images
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Providing for the Health and
Safety of Children
13:4
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Establish Good Eating Habits Choose the recommended amounts from each of the food
groupsServe nutritious snacksAvoid serving foods with too much sugar, salt and fatsMake food look appetizing by combining different colors,
textures and shapes Involve children in food preparationEncourage children to try new foods.
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Sleeping HabitsDuring sleep the brain sorts and stores
information and builds and repairs cells
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Physical Activity Increases muscle strengthAids in weight control
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Dental Health Brush RegularlySchedule Regular checkups
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Medical CarePediatrician is a medical doctor who specializes in the care
of children Immunization is giving injections or drops to a person to
prevent a specific disease MMR – protect against measles, mumps and rubella
Chart page 294
Childhood Illnesses Germs are disease causing organisms Contagious diseases are easily spread from one person to
another Quarantine- confined until the contagious stage is past
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Avoid Accidents Accidents kill more young children then any
one disease Use proper car restraint system Learn first aid and emergency treatmentNever leave children aloneNever play roughly with infants
Example throw in the air or swing upside down
Chart page 295
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Community Resources Support GroupsThe Education System
Children with Special Needs Individual Education Plan (IEP)
Government Agencies Social services Welfare Food programs Low-cost medical care