Standards: Who is developing
what, where, and why?
Todd Carpenter, Executive Director, NISO American Association of University Presses Conference
New Orleans, LA • • • June 23, 2014
Image: DanTaylor Image: Joel Washing
Standards are familiar, even if you don’t notice
A US-baed non-profit industry trade association accredited by ANSI with 200+ members
Mission of developing and maintaining technical standards related to information, documentation, discovery and distribution of published materials & media
Volunteer driven organization: 400+ spread out across the world
Represent US interests to ISO TC 46 & subcommitteesAlso serve as Secretariat for ISO TC46/SC9 - Identification & Description
Responsible for standards like ISSN, DOI, Dublin Core metadata, DAISY digital talking books, OpenURL, MARC records format, and ISBN
About
NISO’s Community
35 % Publishers/Publishing Organizations �
32% Libraries/Library Organizations �
36 LSA Members �(non-voting) �
33% Library Systems Suppliers, Publishing Vendors & Intermediaries �
ISO �
ANSI �
Other SDOs �
Technical Committee (TC) 46 Information & Documentation
Subcommittees (SC): 4 – Systems Interoperability
8 – Performance Measurement 9 – Identification & Description
11 – Records Management
NISO manages the Secretariat of ISO TC 46, SC 9
• IDEAlliance - Magazine industry, PRISM
• Library of Congress - MARC, PREMIS, SRU/SRW
• ALA - AACR2, RDA
• IDPF - EPUB, E-books
• ARMA-International - Records Management
• OASIS - XML Standards
• CrossRef - DOIs, FundRef, CrossMark
• IMSGlobal - Learning Management Systems
• Amazon - ASIN, KINDLE
Still More Standards(ish) Organizations
• Image: Mark Bide (EDITEUR)12
13• Image: Mark Bide (EDITEUR)
14• Image: Mark Bide (EDITEUR)
One Ring to Rule Them All?
Photo: Minneapolis College of Art and Design Library
June 20, 201416
Photo: OSU Thompson Library Stacks” by Kristin Six
June 20, 201417
18June 20, 2014
You can’t walk the stacks in a digital library
19June 20, 2014
19June 20, 2014
Some NISO Work in these areas
Open Discovery Initiative
Knowledgebases & Related Tools
Open Access Metadata and Indicators
Some NISO work in these area
A Few Key Concepts In identification & description
(identifiers & metadata)
The thing being identified
The Referent
The string identifying the referent
The Identifier
The data that describes the referent
The Metadata
Identifiers can be but are not necessarily names (often better if they aren’t)
IDs can be but need not be human-readable. They also may or may not be human understandable.
Not every attribute need be described
An ID & its metadata
Functional Granularity
Functional Granularity
Functional Granularity
Functional Granularity
Functional Granularity
Functional Granularity
Functional Granularity
You identify and describe an item at the level
at which it makes sense for your business needs
to identify that item
Functional Granularity
A lesson in functional granularity
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
<indecs> description model
How it fits together in a complex media ecosystem
ISWC
ISRC ISTC
ISBN
ISSN
CSI ISMN
ISAN
ISAN
IPI
IPI
ISNI
VIAF IPDA
DOI �
DOI
Making the Theoretical Practical
So are these things the same or not?
Revising the ISBN
Managing metadata well is expensive
Managing metadata poorly
is more expensive (often in ways you can’t measure)
On the horizon
Non-‐Textual Content
Linked Open Data
Scientific Data
Digital Preservation
Altmetrics
We all want our own
Thank you! Todd Carpenter, Executive Director
[email protected] National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
3600 Clipper Mill Road, Suite 302 Baltimore, MD 21211 USA
+1 (301) 654-2512 www.niso.org
