- 1. Fourier analysis
Resonating LCR circuit with damping effect
Cathode ray oscilloscope and related experiments.
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
2. Inside construction
Numbers in the picture indicate: 1. Deflection voltage electrode;
2. Electron gun; 3. Electron beam; 4. Focusing coil; 5.
Phosphor-coated inner side of the screen
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
3. Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
4. Time base control
Intensity control
Focus control
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
5. Examples of use
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6. Movingthe initial line up and down
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7. Pictures of use
Heterodyne
AC hum on sound
Sum of a low-frequency and a high-frequency signal.
Dual trace, showing different time bases on each trace
Bad filter on sine.
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
8. Oscilloscopes are commonly used when it is desired to observe
the exact wave shape of an electrical signal. In addition to the
amplitude of the signal, an oscilloscope can show distortion and
measure frequency, time between two events (such as pulse width or
pulse rise time), and relative timing of two related signals. Some
modern digital oscilloscopes can analyze and display the spectrum
of a repetitive event. Special-purpose oscilloscopes, called
spectrum analyzers, have sensitive inputs and can display spectra
well into the GHz range. A few oscilloscopes that accept plug-ins
can display spectra in the audio range.
Focus control
This control adjusts CRT focus to obtain the sharpest,
most-detailed trace. In practice, focus needs to be adjusted
slightly when observing quite-different signals, which means that
it needs to be an external control. Flat-panel displays do not need
a focus control; their sharpness is always optimum
Intensity control
This adjusts trace brightness. Slow traces on CRT 'scopes need
less, and fast ones, especially if they don't repeat very often,
require more. On flat panels, however, trace brightness is
essentially independent of sweep speed, because the internal signal
processing effectively synthesizes the display from the digitized
data.
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
9. Timebase Controls
These select the horizontal speed of the CRT's spot as it creates
the trace; this process is commonly referred to as the sweep. In
all but the least-costly modern 'scopes, the sweep speed is
selectable and calibrated in units of time per major graticule
division. Quite a wide range of sweep speeds is generally provided,
from seconds to as fast as picoseconds (in the fastest 'scopes) per
division. Usually, a continuously-variable control (often a knob in
front of the calibrated selector knob) offers uncalibrated speeds,
typically slower than calibrated. This control provides a range
somewhat greater than that of consecutive calibrated steps, making
any speed available between the extremes.
Horizontal position control
The horizontal position control moves the display sidewise. It
usually sets the left end of the trace at the left edge of the
graticule, but it can displace the whole trace when desired. This
control also moves the X-Y mode traces sidewise in some 'scopes,
and can compensate for a limited DC component as for vertical
position.
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
10. Object :-
a) Finding the Fourier harmonics by using the
Fourieranalysis.
Apparatus:-ac generator ,CRO, Fourier kit.
b)To study the series and parallel LCR circuit and plot the
resonance curve
at constant frequency and capacity.
Apparatus:LCR kit , inductance coil.
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
11. a)
Ac frequency generator
Fourier wave form type kit
Fourier analysis experimentwhole setup
CRO
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
12. b)
Resonating circuit kit
Air core inductance (for studyingthe resonating in LCR and its
damping effect)
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010
13. Some of the brief features and experiment data of LCR resonant
circuit
1) Circuit diagram for series LCR :-
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14. Graph representation
Series LCR having max current at cont capacity 700pF
Series LCR having max current at cont frequency at 50 Hz
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15. 2) Circuit diagram for parallel LCR:-
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16. Graph representation
Parallel LCR having max current at cont capacity 700pF
Parallel LCR having max current at cont frequency at 50 Hz
Trisha Banerjee @ 2010