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Hemoptysis
Amarendra B. Singh 09020126323rd Feb 2013
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Hemoptysis Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from
the respiratory tract(from alveoli to the glottis).
Epistaxis & Hematemesis
Classification Mild Massive
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Mild If there is a small amount of blood, or sputum streaked with blood, the spitting is considered mild hemoptysis.
Massive Hemoptysis is considered massive, or major, when there is so much blood that it interrupts breathing (generally more than about 200-240 mL, or about 1 cup, in 24 hours).
Massive hemoptysis is a medical emergency.
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VASCULAR ORIGIN OF HEMOPTYSIS
Blood traversing the lungs can arrive from Pulmonary arteries, or Bronchial arteries
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Causes Infections Tumour Vascular disease Cardiac cause Immunological disorders Trauma Chronic airway inflammation Systemic bleeding disorders Iatrogenic
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Infections
• Tuberculosis• Lung abscess• Fungal infections• Parasites• Bacterial/ viral
infections
Tumour
• Benign• Malignant
Vascular
• Pulmonary thromboembolism
• Rasmussen’s aneurysm
• A-V malformation
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Cardiac
• Mitral stenosis
• Congenital heart disease
• Tricuspid endocarditis
Vasculitis
• Wegener’s granulomatosis
• Goodpasture’s syndrome
Trauma
• Inhaled foriegn body
• Chest trauma
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Chronic airway inflammation
• Bronchiectasis
• Cystic fibrosis
Haematological
• Blood dyscrasias
• anticoagulants
Iatrogenic
• Bronchial biopsy
• Transthoracic lung biopsy
• Endotracheal tube intubation
• Tracheostomy
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