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Cell Cycle Vocabularyand Notes
Biology
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• Centrioles – one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.
• Chromatid – one of two identical “sister” parts of a replicated chromosome.
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• Centromere – area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached.
• Spindle fiber – fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis.
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• Sister chromatids – the two parts that make up replicated chromome, which are connected at the centromere
• Daughter cells –the two new cells produced at the end of cytokinesis
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• Diploid – term used to refer to a cell that contians both sets of homologous chromosomes
• Centrosome – the area where the centrioles are located during mitosis
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Link to cell cycle animation
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
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Stages of the Cell Cycle
• Interphase (longest part of the cell cycle)
• G1 (Growth 1)
• S (Synthesis) - DNA copies
• G2 (Growth 2) - cell prepares for division
• M (cell division) – includes mitosis and cytokinesis
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Interphase• (technically not part of
mitosis, but it is included in the cell cycle)
• Cell is in a resting phase, performing cell functions
• DNA replicates (copies)• Organelles double in
number, to prepare for division
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Mitosis
• nuclear division, number of chromosomes remains the same
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Phases of Mitosis
Prophase• Spindle forms• Centrioles move to
opposite poles • Chromosomes
become visible
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Metaphase• Chromosomes line up
along the equator
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Anaphase• Centromeres divide• Chromatids separate
and move to opposite poles
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Telophase• Nuclear membrane
forms around each group of chromosomes
• Chromosomes unwind
• Cytokinesis begins
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Cytokinesis• The process by which
the cytoplasm divides and one cell becomes two individual cells. The process is different in plants and animals
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Cell Cycle animation