CellsCells
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All All cellscells are made up of are made up of mattermatter. .
All matter is made up of atoms.All matter is made up of atoms.
AtomsAtoms are the very basic building blocks are the very basic building blocks making up our cells.making up our cells.
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A A substancesubstance is matter that is the same is matter that is the same throughout.throughout.
It has the same composition and It has the same composition and properties.properties.
It can be one kind of atom or more than It can be one kind of atom or more than one kind.one kind.
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An An elementelement is a substance that is made is a substance that is made up of only one kind of atom.up of only one kind of atom.
A A compoundcompound is a substance that is made is a substance that is made up of more than one kind of element that up of more than one kind of element that always have the same ratio.always have the same ratio.
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The chemicals in our bodies and other The chemicals in our bodies and other living things are either living things are either organicorganic or or inorganicinorganic substances.substances.
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Inorganic substances are usually from Inorganic substances are usually from nonliving sources such as air, soil and nonliving sources such as air, soil and water.water.
Minerals Minerals are inorganic substances that are are inorganic substances that are needed by our bodies such as calcium and needed by our bodies such as calcium and iron.iron.
WaterWater is the most abundant inorganic is the most abundant inorganic substance in our bodies.substance in our bodies.
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Organic compounds are made up of Organic compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogencarbon, oxygen, hydrogen and other and other elements. elements.
Living things contain organic compounds.Living things contain organic compounds.
2 exceptions that are not organic are 2 exceptions that are not organic are carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
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Organic substances have 4 main groups: Organic substances have 4 main groups: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.proteins.
Foods we eat contain these organic Foods we eat contain these organic substances.substances.
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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are our main source of are our main source of energy.energy.
They usually make up the largest part of They usually make up the largest part of our food intake.our food intake.
Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.hydrogen and oxygen.
Sugars and starches are examples.Sugars and starches are examples.
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LipidsLipids are fats, oils and waxes. are fats, oils and waxes. Cholesterol is a fat produced in animals. Cholesterol is a fat produced in animals. It is needed but can be harmful in large It is needed but can be harmful in large amounts.amounts.Lipids have more energy per molecule Lipids have more energy per molecule than carbohydrates but make up less of than carbohydrates but make up less of our diet. our diet. Energy from lipids is stored and used Energy from lipids is stored and used when our supply of energy is low.when our supply of energy is low.
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Nucleic acidsNucleic acids are very large and contain are very large and contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and nitrogen.and nitrogen.
The nucleic acids give the cells The nucleic acids give the cells instructions for carrying out the processes instructions for carrying out the processes needed for lifeneeded for life
The 2 nucleic acids are The 2 nucleic acids are DNADNA and and RNARNA..
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ProteinsProteins are large molecules that are made up of are large molecules that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur.sometimes sulfur.Proteins make up hair, nails, skin, muscles and Proteins make up hair, nails, skin, muscles and blood vessels. blood vessels. Proteins are found in nuts, meat, beans, eggs Proteins are found in nuts, meat, beans, eggs and fish.and fish.Proteins are made up of combinations of amino Proteins are made up of combinations of amino acids.acids.There are 20 amino acids that make different There are 20 amino acids that make different combinations.combinations.
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EnzymesEnzymes are proteins that help speed up are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions.chemical reactions.
An example is the enzymes in saliva help An example is the enzymes in saliva help break down food faster to aid digestion.break down food faster to aid digestion.
