Download - Cells2008 2009
CellsLeech photoreceptor cells
CellsObjectives:
•To describe the cell theory and the discoveries that led up to it.
•To describe the structure and function of various cell organelles
•To compare and contrast plant and animal cells.
•To describe the various forms of transport that occur in cells.
Leech photoreceptor cells
The Cell Theory Timeline Fill in the blanks as you complete the timeline. Use pages 87- 88 in your text
1600’s 1800’s 1700’s
Anton van Leeuwenhoek Developed the 1st microscope Observed pond water and
made detailed observations
Robert Brown Observed cork cells. Thought cells looked like
small rooms in a monastery. Was NOT looking at living
cells.
1900’s
Robert Brown Observed a round
structure near the center of cells.
Now called the nucleus
Mattias Schleiden German botanist Stated, “All Plants are made of
cells”
Theodor Schwann Stated, “All animals are made of cells”
Rudolf Virchow German Physician Said, “All cells come
from preexisting cells.”
The Cell Theory States
All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function
in living things All cells come from preexisting cells.
Hooke
Anton van LeeuwenhoekDeveloped the 1st microscope
Observed pond water and made detailed observations
Robert HookeObserved cork cells.
Thought cells looked like small rooms in a monastery.Was NOT looking at living cells.
Robert BrownObserved a round structure near the center of cells.
Now called the nucleus
Mattias Schleiden•German botanistStated, “All Plants are made of cells”
Theodor Schwann
Stated, “All animals are made of cells”
Rudolf Virchow
German Physician
Said, “All cells come from preexisting cells.”
The Cell Theory States•All living things are composed of cells.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living thingsAll cells come from preexisting cells.
The yolk from bird eggs is one cell.
Prokaryotic verses Eukaryotic cells
• Simple cells• Includes bacteria• No nucleus• Circular DNA
• Typical cells• Includes all plants,
animals, fungi, and protists (1 celled organisms)
• Have a nucleus
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure The Cell Membrane
Description “The Gatekeeper”Function Controls what gets in and out of the cell
Close up view of the cell membrane
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Cytoplasm
Description “The Storehouse”Function Holds the organelles/gives the cell
shape
Close up of cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Cytoskeleton
Description SupportFunction System microtubules that hold
organelles
Close up of cytoskeleton
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Cilia
Description Hair-like structures
Function Movement/feeding
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Flagellum
Description Whip-like tail made of microtubules
Function “movement”
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Ribosomes
Description “protein factories”Function Make proteins/ some attached to
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Close up of E.R. with ribosomes
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Mitochondria
Description “powerhouse”Function Change the chemical energy into
compounds the cell can use.
Close up of Mitochondria
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Nucleus
Description “The Brain”Function Contains heredity information
Close up of nucleus
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Nucleolus
Description RNAFunction Makes RNA
Close up of nucleus
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Nuclear Membrane (envelope)
Description “Nuclear Gatekeeper”Function Controls what enters and leaves
nucleus through pores
Close up of nucleus
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure DNA
Description Chromatin normally, thicken into chromosomes during reproduction
Function Contains the DNA/information the defines an individual
Close up of nucleus
squigglescytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Description “transports”Function Transports the proteins made by the
ribosomes; pinches them off into vacoules
Close up of rough E.R. with ribosomes
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Description “stores”Function Makes fats and breaks down toxins
Close up of smooth E.R.
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Golgi Bodies
Description Stacks of sacs/shippersFunction Modifies and Packages up proteins
made at on the ER.
Close up of golgi
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Lysosomes
Description “cleanup crews”Function Digests foreign materials and breaks
down worn out organelles.
Close up of lysosome with digested matter.
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Structures and FunctionsStructure Vacoules
Description Membrane bound sacsFunction Membrane forms around food or water
particles that are brought into the cell.
vacuole
cytoplasm
Cell Organization
• Cell specialization – cells are uniquely suited to perform particular functions within the organism (I.e. react to environment, to move, to make energy…)
Cell Organization- levels of organization
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
Cell Organization- levels of organization
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
The Cell is the basic unit of structure and function
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
Tissues- groups of similar cells with similar functions.
Cell Organization- levels of organization
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
Example #1
Blood is a connective tissue that is responsible for transport in many organisms.
Cell Organization- levels of organization
Blood from a toad
Cell Organization- levels of organization
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
Example #2
Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue.
Human Cartilage
Cell Organization- levels of organization
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
Most animals contain 4 tissue types
Muscle
Smooth muscle of the small intestine
Cell Organization- levels of organization
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
Most animals contain 4 tissue types
Nervous
A neuron from the spinal cord.
Cell Organization- levels of organization
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
Most animals contain 4 tissue types
Epithelial (covers organs and membranes)
Epithelial tissue covers the small intestine
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
.
Cell Organization- levels of organization
Organs- a group of tissures that work together to perform a particular function
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
.
Cell Organization- levels of organization
Examples
Human Heart
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
.
Cell Organization- levels of organization
Examples
lungs
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
.
Cell Organization- levels of organization
A group of organs working together to perform a particular function.
• Cell
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
.
Cell Organization- levels of organization
Examples
These organs make up part of the human digestive system.