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Central Europe 1660
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Central Europe 1780
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The countries
• Russia expands and centralizes
• Prussia (part of modern day Germany) militarizes and asserts itself
• Austria (Habsburg) moves East and South, and makes way for a Queen
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Romanov Dynasty
• Time of Troubles– Michael Romanov- Rises to Power (mid-17C)
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Peter the Great• It’s Good to be King
– Westernized Russia• Traveled incognito through Europe
– Tough to do if you are 6’8”
• Focused on Industry– Technical School-Academies
• Education• Navy
– Baltic Sea- Great Northern War– Black Sea
– Centralized the Government• Ruthless! Killed his only son, tried his
1st wife for adultery and imprisoned his mistress.
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Vying for Power -
• Boyars – Nobility of Russia, their beards are shorn and government service required– Serfdom- Peasants and Slaves
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Peter takes control of the Church
• Patriarchs – Church Elites – Abolished- created a synod– Peter got to name the council!
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Subjugating the MilitaryStreltsy- Palace Guard
Painting- Morning of the execution of the Streltsy
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St. Petersburg• Modeled on Amsterdam
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Peterhof
• Modeled on Versailles
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Russia, a new military powerhouse
• The Great Northern War- Sweden– Gains access to a warm water port- Baltic- Locates
St. Petersburg
– Expands into Europe
• In the South gains limited access to the Black Sea
• Created a War College- move to professional armies throughout Europe
• Built an army (conscription) 300,000—Life Service?
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Russia adds Territory
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Austrian Habsburg Empire Melting Pot or Mosaic?
Hungary (magyars)
Croatia
Bohemia
Austria
Galicia
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Schonbrun
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Habsburg Line• Married ->Spanish Line 15th Century Philip
Habsburg married- Ferdinand and Isabella’s daughter.
• Charles V- divided Habsburgs– Spanish Habsburgs ->son Philip II
– Austrian Habsburgs-> brother- Ferdinand
• Spanish Habsburgs-> run out of heirs-early 18th Century- Louis IV (France) grandson- Bourbon- becomes King (see war Spanish Succession)
• Austrian Habsburgs run out of male heirs- dad tries to get his daughter Queen…but…
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Pragmatic Sanction
• Created 1713-by Charles IV– Failure led to the War of the Austrian
Succession 1740-1748– Lost Silesia Orients Austria more
towards the east->Hungary and Balkans
Maria Theresa- ruled 1740-1780
Ruled jointly with her son, Joseph II 1765-1780
16 CHILDREN!!! Incl. Marie Antoinette
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The beginning of the Riseof Prussia
• A military in search of a nation
• Hohenzollern Dynasty– Frederick William the Elector– Merged Brandenburg and Prussia– Controlling and militarizing
Serfdom
The Junkers -
Emigration of Jews and Huegeonots
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Prussia Expands– Frederick II (the Great) 1740-1785– Takes land from Austria
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Enlightened or DespoticFrederick the Great
To discuss---chapter 18
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Sansouci