Download - CERN Ginervra 21 Novembre 2011
Benvenuto
Dr Gian Mario Spacca
Presidente Regione Marche
Italia
to Accelerating Science and Innovation
The Mission of CERN
Push forward the frontiers of knowledge
E.g. the secrets of the Big Bang …what was the matter like
within the first moments of the Universe’s existence?
Develop new technologies for accelerators and detectors
Information technology - the Web and the GRID
Medicine - diagnosis and therapy
Train scientists and engineers of tomorrow
Unite people from different countries and cultures
3
CERN was founded 1954: 12 European States
“Science for Peace”
Today: 20 Member States
~ 2300 staff
~ 790 other paid personnel
> 10000 users
Budget (2011) ~1000 MCHF
Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom
Candidate for Accession: Romania
Associate Member in the Pre-Stage to Membership: Israel
Applicant States: Cyprus, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey
Observers to Council: India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO
Science is getting more and more global
Big Bang
Next Scientific Challenge: to understand the very first moments of our Universe
after the Big Bang
Today 13.7 Billion Years
1028 cm
Atom Proton
Big Bang
Radius of Earth
Radius of Galaxies
Earth to Sun
Universe
Hubble ALMA
VLT AMS
Study physics laws of first moments after Big Bang
increasing Symbiosis between Particle Physics,
Astrophysics and Cosmology
Super-Microscope
LHC
A New Era in Fundamental Science
Exploration of a new energy frontier in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions
LHC ring: 27 km circumference
CMS
ALICE
LHCb
ATLAS
LHC + Experiments: spectacular start-up in 2010
Brilliant performances of LHC, experiments and GRID
computing
First p-p collisions at √s = 7 TeV on 30 March 2010, restart 13 March 2011
First Pb-Pb collisions at √s = 2.76TeV/N on 7 Nov 2010
Impressive detector performances
CMS
ALICE: Pb-Pb
Goal for 2011!
CERN: Particle Physics and Innovation
Interfacing between fundamental science and key
technological developments
CERN Technologies and Innovation
Detecting particles Accelerating particle
beams
Large-scale
computing (Grid)
CERN Technologies and Innovation
Cutting edge Research Infrastructures play a key role in a
knowledge driven society
Knowledge is − and will be more and more − the most precious
resource for a sustainable development
CERN Technologies and Innovation Example: Medical applications
Combining Physics, ICT, Biology and Medicine to fight cancer
Detecting particles
Imaging PET Scanner
Clinical trial in Portugal
for new breast imaging
system (ClearPEM)
Accelerating particle beams ~30’000 accelerators worldwide
~17’000 used for medicine
Hadron Therapy Leadership in Ion
Beam Therapy now
in Europe and
Japan
Tumour
Target
Protons
light ions
>70’000 patients treated worldwide (30 facilities)
>21’000 patients treated in Europe (9 facilities)
X-ray protons
Grid Computing and CERN
285 sites in 48 countries
~250k CPU cores
~100 PB disk
Large number of users
1M jobs/day Astronomy & Astrophysics Civil Protection Computational Chemistry Comp. Fluid Dynamics Computer Science/Tools Condensed Matter Physics Earth Sciences Finance Fusion High Energy Physics (WLCG) Humanities Life Sciences Material Sciences Social Sciences
EGEE-III INFSO-RI-222667
CERN Education Activities
Scientists at CERN Academic Training Programme
Young Researchers CERN School of High Energy Physics
CERN School of Computing
CERN Accelerator School
Latin American School of HEP
Viña del Mar, Chile, 2007
Physics Students Summer Students
Programme
CERN Teacher Schools International and National
Programmes
CERN School of Physics
Sant Feliu de Guíxols,
Spain, 2004
CERN Teacher Programme Participants
Summer Students 2011
Italy and CERN / March 2011 16
Italy and CERN
Italy is a founding member of CERN with a strong tradition in particle physics Eduardo Amaldi: one of the founding fathers of CERN and interim Secretary General
Two Directors General from Italy:
Carlo Rubbia and Luciano Maiani
ADA: the common ancestor of all particle colliders
first storage ring for an electron and a positron beam rotating
in opposite directions operated at Frascati in 1961
ADA
Anello Di Accumulazione
Nobel Prizes in Physics:
related to advance of Particle Physics: 1938: E. Fermi
1984: C. Rubbia
Italy and CERN / March 2011 17
Italy and CERN
INFN brings together some 5000 researchers
Approximately 600 Italian physicists have collaborated
on the realisation of the LHC and on the research conducted with the LHC
many hold key positions
in the collaborations
Examples:
Atlas and CMS
Strong collaboration between CERN and National Laboratories
Neutrino beam from CERN to
Gran Sasso Laboratory (732 km)
Strong collaboration between CERN and National Laboratories
Neutrino beam from CERN to
Gran Sasso Laboratory (732 km)
Neutrino beam
Italy and CERN / March 2011 18
Italy and CERN
Neutrino beam
Italian industries have constructed some extremely important components
for the LHC project, using very advanced technology
Examples:
Ansaldo was key contractor in the CMS magnet project, the world’s largest
superconducting solenoid
Winding of first module at Ansaldo
CMS coil Ansaldo was one of the
3 contractors building
magnets for the LHC
delivered to CERN in December 1997
LHC tunnel
Grazie