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CGS 3460
ServersServers rain.cise.ufl.edu sand.cise.ufl.edu shine.cise.ufl.edu thunder.cise.ufl.edu storm.cise.ufl.edu
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CGS 3460
Variables ContinuedVariables Continued
Getting Input&
Operators
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CGS 3460
Making calculationsMaking calculations We know the different data types
int float double char
How do we transform data into results
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CGS 3460
Casting - ImplicitCasting - Implicit int x = 7.9; int x = -3.9; float y = 7; float y = -65; char c = 123; int x = ‘7’
x = 7x = -3y = 7.0y = -65.0c = ‘{‘x = 55
ASCII TABLE
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CGS 3460
Casting - ExplicitCasting - Explicit int x = (int)7.9; int x = (int)-3.9; float y = (float)7; float y = (float)-65; char c = (char)123; int x = (int)‘7’
x = 7x = -3y = 7.0y = -65.0c = ‘{‘x = 55
ASCII TABLE
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CGS 3460
Operations for int typeOperations for int type Declaration
int x, y, z;
Assignment y = 10; z = 6;
Calculation Plus: +
• x = y + z; Minus: -
• x = y – z; Multiply: *
• x = y * z; Divide: /
• x = y / z; Modulus
• x = y % z;
result of y/z will be truncated
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CGS 3460
Integer math - ExamplesInteger math - Examples 7 + 4 6 * 8 4 – 12 10 / 3 3 / 8 14 / 7 24 / 5 24 % 6 22 % 7 23 % 8 4 % 5 -7 % 5
1148-830240174-2
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CGS 3460
Integer math – More ExamplesInteger math – More Examples 20 % 5 20 / 5 * 5 24 % 5 24 / 5 * 5 1204309383 / 10 1204309383 % 10
0204
20 120430938
3
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CGS 3460
float: single-precision Variablesfloat: single-precision Variables For values containing decimal
3., 125.8, -0.1 Scientific notation
2.25e-3 = 2.25 * 10-3 = 0.00225• Use e or E for exponent
no commas
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CGS 3460
float Variables - IIfloat Variables - II Ranges
IEEE floating-point standard• e = 8, f = 23
• ±3.4×1038
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CGS 3460
Operations for float typeOperations for float type Declaration
float x, y, z;
Assignment y = 10.00; z = 5.8;
Calculation Plus: +
• x = y + z; Minus: -
• x = y – z; Multiply: *
• x = y * z; Divide: /
• x = y / z; result of y/z will NOT be truncated
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CGS 3460
Floating point math - ExamplesFloating point math - Examples 7.2 + 4.3 6.5 * 8.0 4.2 – 12.3 10.0 / 3.0 4.0 / 8.0 24.0 / 5.0
11.552.0-8.1
3.3330.54.8
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CGS 3460
Mixed arithmetic - ExamplesMixed arithmetic - Examples 7.2 + 4 6.5 * 8 4 – 12.3 10 / 3.0 4.0 / 8 24 / 5.0
11.252.0-8.3
3.3330.54.8
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CGS 3460
Example – IExample – I#include <stdio.h>int main(){ int a, b, c; float f;
a = 10; b = 20; c = a/b; printf(“%i / %i = %i\n”, a, b, c); f = a/b; printf(“%i / %i = %f\n”, a, b, f);}
10 / 20 = 010 / 20 = 0.000000
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CGS 3460
Example – IIExample – II#include <stdio.h>int main(){ int a; float f, g, h;
f = 10.0; g = 20.0; a = f/g; printf(“%f / %f = %i\n”, f, g, a); h = f/g; printf(“%f / %f = %f\n”, f, g, h);}
10.000000 / 20.000000 = 010.000000 / 20.000000 = 0.500000
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CGS 3460
Assignment OperatorsAssignment Operators Join the arithmetic operators
Format: op=
Examples:
count = count + 10; count += 10;
count = count - 5; count -= 5;
a /= b + c; a = a / (b + c);
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CGS 3460
Unary OperatorsUnary Operators Unary plus / minus
+ / - Example: -a
Unary increment/decrement ++ / --
M = M + 1; M += 1;
++M;
M++;
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CGS 3460
Example – IIIExample – III#include <stdio.h>int main(){ int m = 0; //m is 0 at this point printf(“m post increment: %i\n”, m++); //now m is 1 printf(“m pre increment : %i\n”, ++m); //now m is 2
}
m post increment: 0m pre increment : 2
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CGS 3460
Arithmetic OperatorsArithmetic Operators add: +, minus: -, multiply: *, divide: /, modulus: % Parentheses (grouping): ( ) Unary plus / minus
+ -
Unary increment/decrement ++ --
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CGS 3460
c =( * b )
Operator PrecedenceOperator Precedence Precedence
Operators with higher precedence are evaluated first Operators with same precedence are evaluated from left to right In decreasing precedence
• ( )• unary increment (++), unary decrement (--)• unary plus (+), unary minus (-)• multiply (*), divide(/), modulus(%)• add(+), minus(-)• assignment (=)
Order for c = -a * b a + b * c / d
(-a)
(b * c)( / d )(a + )
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CGS 3460
Operator Return Types (z = x ? y)Operator Return Types (z = x ? y)
x y z
int int int
float float float
int float float
float int float
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CGS 3460
How do we get dataHow do we get data We know how to turn the data into “useful information” How do we get the data from the user?
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CGS 3460
Getting InputGetting Input Need input from user
scanf• Same format as printf, except put “&” in front of variable names• scanf(“%i”, &count);• “&” means the "address of“
• to store whatever the user enters into the memory address where number is stored
• Leaving out the & will cause your program to work incorrectly!
• Exception: double uses %lf in scanf and %f in printf
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CGS 3460
Example-IIIExample-III#include <stdio.h>
int main(){ int x, y;
printf("What is the value for x? \n"); scanf("%i", &x); //read the input
//calculate (x-1)^2 + 10 y = (x-1)*(x-1) + 10;
//print the output printf("The result is: %i\n", y); return 0;}
What is the value for x?7The result is: 46
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CGS 3460
Example-IVHalf your age plus 7
Example-IVHalf your age plus 7
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){ float age;
printf(“How old are you?\n"); scanf("%f", &age);
printf(“You can date someone %f years old or older.\n", 0.5 * age + 7); return 0;}
How old are you?26You can date someone 20.000000 years old or older.