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C.H. Montin, Hsin Chu, August 2012 11
Hsin Chu, August 2012
Policy-making
Charles-Henri Montin, Senior Regulatory Expert,
Ministry of economy and finance, Paris
http://smartregulation.net
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C.H. Montin, Hsin Chu, August 2012 2
Summary of Presentation
Definitions of ‘public’ policy Role of the public servant Why focus on policy-making? The policy-making cycle Tools for better policy-making Challenges
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What is Policy?
Policies – a proposed or adopted course or principle of action – are usually based on values and interests, that guide how we act in specific circumstances
Individual– I do not walk home alone after 8pm
Family– We do not play loud music late at night
Organisations– Recruitment; Holidays; Complaints;
Political ‘party’ policy– Conservative; Socialist; Liberal
Government public policies
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Public Policy
• No single definition, but generally considered as: The broad framework of ideas and values within which decisions are
taken and action, or inaction, is pursued by governments in relation to a particular issue (problem) or set of issues (problems).
• Public policy is an attempt by government to address a public issue
• Public Policy ≠ Politics
Policy-making is the process by which governments, usually through the public administration, translate their political vision into programmes and actions to deliver change.
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Where do public servants fit in?
Policy problem, issue, challenge to be addressed
Political imperative, promise: decision to act
Public administration – civil service: formulate options, develop solutions, implement decisions
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Nature of Policy
• Re-active Policies that respond to emerging issues
• Pre-active Policies where there’s been an opportunity to
predict, scan, or prepare for future issues, factors, trends or threats
• Pro-active Policies that break new ground, are innovative, set
and pursue a new vision
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How are public policies delivered?
• Direct provision of services – education, health-care
• Funding – spending / taxation
• Advocacy
• Regulation
National International Agreements / Treaties
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Types of Policy
• Vertical (silo-based) Developed within a single organisational structure –
usually a single ministry / related agencies / bodies may also be involved
• Horizontal (integrated, cross-cutting) Developed between or among different parts of the
organisational structure
Usually one ‘lead’ ministry
Other ministries, agencies or bodies have responsibility for part of the policy issue
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Why focus on policy-making?
• Changing environment:
Faster pace, policy challenges are more complex and inter-related
• External pressures – citizens, business, international community … for more effective, better quality policies /
regulations
• Economic pressures … for greater efficiency given fiscal constraints … for policies that will encourage, support and
sustain economic growth
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What does a policy-making process look like?
Different models but should include: Definition of the problem or policy challenge
Identification of desired outcome/objective
Identification of options to achieve outcome
Analysis of likely impacts, costs of options
Consultation with all relevant stakeholders
Decision process (usually government)
Enactment (if regulatory) & Implementation
Monitoring
Review, Evaluation & Revision
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Policy-making ‘cycle’
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Key elements of a quality policy-making process?
• Outcome rather than output focused
• Evidence-based
• Involves all relevant players
• Designed and implemented to minimise unnecessary burdens or impacts
• Aims to be pre-active and pro-active
• Learns from experiences – nationally and internationally
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Tools for better policy-making?
• Impact Assessment
• Consultation
• Co-ordination
• Policy and programme reviews
• Value for Money audits
• Better regulation
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Challenges for policy-makers?
Policy and…
•Science Making use of science to identify issues, public risks, and
solutions (beyond precautionary principle)•Budget
Identifying and quantifying costs of policy and scheduling corresponding public expenditure
•Strategic planning & government cycles Longer-term planning & strategic policy-making
(sustainability)
•Law drafting Ensuring policy objectives are effectively translated into
legislation without excessive burden to society
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To continue the study…
Citizens as Partners: OECD Handbook on Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making (2001)
Focus on Citizens (2009) Further questions contact:
• charles-henri.montin @ finances.gouv.fr