ChangingPracticesofLocalStatewrtSanitationAffirmingEquityandJustice?Amita Bhide
LocalState• Criticaltoprovisionofsanitation• Historicallystructuredaround‘publichealth’• Sweeping,collectionofwastefrompublicareas/streets,transportanddisposalofwaste,sewageanddrainagenetworks
• Partofrevenueexpenditure,largelyonhumanpower
ExclusionthroughServices• Nonuniversalcitizenshipofnonpropertiedinhabitants• Exclusionof‘encroachments’‘illegals’• Extensionofinfrastructureon‘humanitarian’basisinthe1970sat‘public’points
• ‘Maintenance’anunresolvedissue,fewwastecollectionpoints,veryinfrequentcollection
• Createsasituationwherethosewhogeneratetheleastwasteareforcedtolivewithwaste,and bearthemaximumimpacts
InclusionThroughWorkers?• Invitationtoworkersofparticularcastegroups• Incentiveintheformofhousing• Opportunityto‘future’generationswhileperpetuatingformsofwastework
• Expandingworkforceintheorganised sectorwhileatthelowestrung
• Opportunitytomobilise• Aladderwhereemployeesoflocalstateathigherlevelswithcontrolsoverthoseunabletoaccessthesame
ExpandingReachofServices?• Arecontemporaryschemesaboutuniversalaccess?• Issanitationseenasaright?• Whoisexcluded?Whyaretheyexcluded?• Whatisthelevel/qualityofservicesbeingextended?• Whoextendstheservices?• Doesthischangetherelationshipwiththestate?
SANITATION IN TRANSIT CAMP MAHARASHTRA NAGAR
TRANSIT CAMP OF MAHARASHTRA NAGAR
BACK
EmergingWorkPractices• Changesinbasicworkdefinitionsbystate• Restrictionsontotalquantumofemployment• Threatstohousingandotherbenefitstoorganised employees• Emergentsitesservedthroughvariedformsofnonstateemployers- NGOs,contractors,CBOs
• Workingconditions,wagesoftheseworkers• Racetobottom?
Oninnovation• Broughtinnewactors,newthoughtsandmodels• BUT• Highlylimitedbyowninterestsandpositions• AND• Cumulativelyresultedinundermininguniversalityofcitizenshipandworkculture
SomeImperatives• Complexandcontradictorynatureofwastework• improvementofworkingterms,conditionsacrosstheboardanonnegotiable
• Universalservicemodelamust• Arenegotiationofresponsibilitiesofallcitizens-generatordoesnotjustpaybutalsohasadutytorecycleandscientificdisposal;recyclersbenefit