Download - Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
1/36
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
2/36
Basic Overview
In psychology, there is never one agreed-
upon theory.
- Overall, psychology examines the human
experience as a matter of interaction
between the world and the self.
- The world gives us events; we in turn
give those events meaning by interpreting
and acting upon them.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
3/36
My Background
An Overview
Undergraduate Psychology major (Plattsburgh State),
English minor.
Started in doctoral program for Industrial Organizational
Psychology, SUNYA.
Masters program, Secondary Education, English
concentration, Saint Rose
Masters program, School Psychology, Saint Rose.
1 year internship, Troy City School District, Sept. 2004 -June 2005.
Graduated in May 2005
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
4/36
Areas of Psychology
(the many different theories) Social Psychology: (the power of the situation)
The scientific study of the way in which peoplesthoughts, feelings and behaviors are influenced by thereal or imagined presence of other people.
My undergraduate area of research in social psychology:
Cognitive dissonance studies-
Safe sexual behaviors of college students.
Smoking cessation in high school students.
Masters-level research project:
- Correlation between attitude toward school and academic self-concept, SAS students, Albany High School.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
5/36
The Goals of Psychology
Description (what) Behavior is described accurately and completely
Explanation (why) Understanding of conditions under which behavior occurs enables
researchers state the causes of behavior
Prediction Researchers specify conditions under which behavior or event will
most likely occur
Facilitated by the identification of antecedent (prior) conditions
Control Researchers apply a principle or change a condition to preventunwanted outcomes or facilitate desired outcomes
Example: medication to prevent depressive symptoms
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
6/36
Personality Psychology
The study of consistent behavior patterns
and intrapersonal processes originating
within the individual (individual
differences).
Personality is consistent.
Personality Psychology vs. Social Psychology
(Nature vs. Nurture)
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
7/36
Developmental Psychology
A field of psychology that examines the
impact of maturational processes and
experience on behavior.
Focus on child development from infancy
through adolescence.
Adult development and aging.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
8/36
Abnormal Psychology
(Clinical Psychology)
An area of psychology that studies the four Ds:deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger.
Deviant - different, extreme, unusual, or bizarre.
Distressful unpleasant and upsetting to theindividual.
Dysfunctionaldisruptive to the persons abilityto conduct daily activities in a constructive
manner. Dangerous potential to inflict harm on
themselves or others.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
9/36
Biopsychology
The field that relates behavior to bodily
processes, especially the workings of the
brain.
The main goal of this area of study is to
understand behavior and experience in
terms of their biological source.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
10/36
Cognitive Psychology
The study of mental processes such as
perceiving, remembering, thinking and
reasoning.
The study of mental processes is
important because these processes are
responsible for much of the behavior we
find interesting.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
11/36
Learning and Memory
A field that examines learning as a
persisting change in human performance
or performance potential.
This means that learners are capable of
actions they could not perform before
learning occurred and this is true whether
or not they actually have an opportunity toexhibit the newly acquired performance.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
12/36
Industrial Organizational
Psychology Social Psychology applied to the workplace setting.
Studies individual differences in behavior and jobperformance, and with measuring and predicting suchdifferences.
Topics include but are not limited to: Motivation,performance appraisal, employee satisfaction,personnel, employee selection, work-family conflict.
My area of doctoral-level research:- Work-family conflict with work stress as a mediating
factor using employees at The Endocrine Group, LLP.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
13/36
Behaviorism
An area of psychology that argued for
actual behavioras the only event worthy of
analysis.
The behaviorist approach is an
orientation in psychology that emphasizes
the importance of environmental
determinants on behavior.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
14/36
Counseling Psychology
A field of psychology that provides
services to moderately disturbed patients.
Less clinical.
More working with people who just want
to talk and less clients with psychological
diagnoses.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
15/36
Research Design
and
Statistics
Various empirically sound designs, quasi-experimental research designs, and correlationalresearch.
Designs get applied to research questions or
hypothesis. Descriptive statistics: Used to summarize data
and make understandable, to describe a groupof numbers from a research study.
Inferential statistics: Used to draw conclusionsand inferences, which are based on thenumbers from a research study (data), but gobeyond these numbers.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
16/36
School Psychology
A field of psychology involving
psychoeduational testing and evaluating,
and other related services in a school
setting.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
17/36
Job responsibilities as a
School Psychologist Conduct Psychological Evaluations using a wide
range of cognitive, achievement and social-emotionalinstruments.
Complete written Psychoeducational Evaluations.
Interpret psychological findings for diagnosticpurposes.
Interpret test scores for parents and teachers, andprovide recommendations for courses of action.
Participate in consultation meetings with teachers,
administrators, and parents. Presented evaluation results and recommendations atCommittee on Special Education (CSE) meetings.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
18/36
Cont
Serve as a resource person for teachers,administrators, students and parents.
Develop and assist in the implementation of 504plans.
Develop and implement individual and groupcounseling treatment plans .
Develop and implement Functional BehavioralAssessments and Behavior Intervention Plans forstudents.
Attended and participate in ManifistationDetermination Hearings.
GET INVOLVED IN YOUR SCHOOL!!!!!!
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
19/36
Example
Scenario: A student gets handed back an
exam at school with a failing grade. The
student bursts into tears and runs out of
the classroom.
How would different areas of psychology
interpret this event?
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
20/36
A Social Psychologist would say:
This student maybe had a bad day up until
this point. Perhaps they recently
experienced an argument with a family
member or friends. They were vulnerableto react in this manner due to situational
influences (the power of the situation).
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
21/36
A Personality Psychologist
would say:
This student individual has a tendency to
overreact regardless of the situation.
Even as an infant, their temperament
could have predicted this type of reaction.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
22/36
A Developmental Psychologist
would say:
This student is obviously less mature than
other students their age. They are at a
maturation level in which they are unable
to put a poor grade in perspective. Theyare developing and maturing at a slower
rate than their peers.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
23/36
An Abnormal (or Clinical)
Psychologist would say:
This student is obviously suffering from
major depression, generalized anxiety
disorder, or bipolar disorder.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
24/36
A Biopsychologist would say:
This students parents probably behaved
in a similar manner when they were
students. This behavior is probably a
result of genetics. Parents that overreactare bound to produce children who
overreact.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
25/36
A Cognitive Psychologist would
say:
This student was probably repeating
maladaptive (negative) thoughts over and
over in their head all morning. They were
probably thinking: I am going to fail that test, and when I do, I
will make a fool of myself and run out of the
room crying. I just know I will cause a scenewhen I receive that failing test grade.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
26/36
A Learning and Memory oriented
Psychologist would say:
This is a result of social modeling that
occurred at some point in this students life.
They learned by watching another that this
is a possible, acceptable, and/or normalreaction.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
27/36
An I/O psychologist would say:
A happy worker is a productive worker,
and this student is not happy in school,
therefore they are experiencing failure
academically. The emotional reaction isdue to work-stress.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
28/36
A Behavior Oriented Psychologist
would say:
The failing grade is the uncondi t ioned
st imulusthat provoked the uncondi t ioned
response(crying and running out of the room).
In the future when the teacher passes back tests
or papers (cond i t ioned st imu lus)the student
will continue to run out of the room crying
(condi t ioned response).
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
29/36
A Counseling Psychologist would
say:
This is a reaction that needs to be
addressed in individual or group
counseling. Talking about and processing
the incident through counseling will lead toindividual growth.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
30/36
A Statistician would say:
We need to collect data on the frequency,
duration, time of day, antecedents, and
consequences of this particular incident
and any proceeding incidents of similarnature. Perhaps through inferential
statistics and regression equations, we
can better understand and predict this typeof behavior in the future.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
31/36
A School Psychologist would say:
It is important to determine whether or not
this behavior is impacting this students
ability to learn. A functional behavioral
assessment should be conducted and abehavior intervention plan should be
implemented. If this behavior continues to
occur and negatively impact this studentseducation, a CSE referral may be
warranted.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
32/36
Continuing Education in
Psychology (Graduate Programs)
Masters, either stepping-stone to doctoral
level study, or can lead to field specific
jobs in:
- Counseling Psychology
- Industrial Organizational Psychology
- School Psychology
- Jobs in Research
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
33/36
Doctoral-level programs
Doctoral programs in psychology usuallyare designed to graduate psychologistswho become professors at universities and
conduct research leading to publication(which generates field advances).
Also:
Teaching professor. Applied fields: Clinical, Counseling, I/O,School.
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
34/36
Careers in Psychology
As a psychology major, you can work in many fieldseven if graduate study is not your choice.
Human Services (counseling advocacy, mental health)
Administration
Teaching Community Relations
Program Development
Research
Human Resources
Public Relations Marketing
Education
Sales
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
35/36
Intro. to Psychology text
Research Stories for General
Psychology.
Lary Shaffer and Matthew R. Merrens,
Plattsburgh State University.
An introduction to Psychology through
current and relevant research.
Modern Perspectives in
-
7/28/2019 Chapter 1 - Psychology Presentation
36/36
Modern Perspectives in
Psychology
Biological: the role of biological processes and structures,and heredity in explaining behavior
Psychoanalytic: the role of unconscious motivation andearly childhood experiences in determining behavior andthought
Behavioral: the role of environment in shaping andcontrolling behavior
Cognitive: the role of mental processes-perception,thinking, and memory-that underlie behavior
Humanistic: the importance of an individuals subjective
experience as a key to understanding his or her behavior Evolutionary: the roles of inherited tendencies that have
proven adaptive in humans
Sociocultural: the roles of social and cultural influences onbehavior