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Chapter 1 Section 2 Notes
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People gradually give up hunting and gathering and learn to cultivate crops, domesticate animals, and live in settled villages. Some villages grow and prosper, developing complex social and economic systems that set the stage for the development of civilization.
OverviewOverview AssessmentAssessment
Key Idea
Humans Try to Control Nature
2HOME
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Humans Try to Control Nature
2
The development of agriculture spurred an increase in population and the growth of a settled way of life.
New methods for obtaining food and the development of technology laid the foundations for modern civilizations.
Overview
AssessmentAssessment
• nomad
• hunter-gatherer
• Neolithic Revolution
• slash-and-burn farming
• domestication
MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMES
HOME
GRAPH
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I. Achievements in Technology and Art
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Otzi the Iceman
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A. A New tool kit
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1. Nomads were people that wandered from place to place
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2. Most nomads were hunter gatherers
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3. Most used a wide variety of tools or technology
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B. Paleolithic Art
AustraliaThis rock painting from Australia features two humanlike figures holding up their hands. Early artists used stencils to create these outstretched hands, which commonly appear in Australian rock art.
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AlgeriaFarming and herding gradually replaced hunting as a means of getting food. This African cave painting from Algeria shows women and children tending cattle. The white rings—symbols for huts—illustrate an early version of signs used in writing.
FranceStampeding wild horses and bison seem to come alive in this prehistoric painting from Lascaux Cave in France. After viewing such striking scenes, the world-famous, 20th-century artist Picasso reportedly said, "We have learned nothing
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1. Many types of art
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a. Necklaces
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b. Realistic sculptures
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c. Cave paintings
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1. France
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Lascaux Relieves
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Lascaux Cave Art
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2. Spain
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Altamira, Spain
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Altamira, Spain
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Coa Valley Portugal
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a. Wild animals
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b. Man
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II. The Neolithic Revolution
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A. About 10000 years ago seed planting by women probably led
to farming
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B. Causes of the Agriculture Revolution
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1. Climate may have been a factor
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2. Farming provided a steady source of food
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C. Early Faming Methods
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1. Slash-and-burn farming
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a. Cut trees, grasses, and scrubs then burned the fields
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1. Ashes fertilized the fields
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b. Farmers planted crops for a year or two
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D. Domestication of Animals
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1. The taming of animals
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2. Started by driving herds into man made enclosures
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3. Nomads for years had herded sheep and goats
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E. Revolution in Jarmo
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1. The Zagros Mountains are in northeastern Iraq is thought to be the birthplace of agriculture
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Jarmo today
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2. Environmental conditions favored the region
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a. Wild wheat, barley, goats, pigs, sheep and horses thrived
there
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Humans Try to Control Nature
2
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the effects of the development of agriculture.
Section 2 Assessment
continued . . .
HOME
Development of Agriculture
More available food
Rise in population
New farming tools
Emergence of farming villages
More stable communities
More cultural developments
GRAPH
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3. In the 1950’s Robert Braidwood an archaeologists
uncovered a site
called Jarmo
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Robert Braidwood
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III. Villages Grow and Prosper
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A. Farming Develops in many places
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1. Africa, The Nile River Valley
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Nile River Today
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2. China along the Huang He River
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Huang He River
Continent Asia
Countries it flows through
China
Length 5464 kilometres
Number of tributaries
Over 5
Source Qinghai Province, western China
Mouth Gulf of Bohai
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3. Mexico and Central America
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4. Peru
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Pacaritanbo, Peru
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5. Mesopotamia along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
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6. India along the Indus River
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B. Catal Huyuk
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Catal Huyuk
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1. A village in south-central Turkey
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2. Farming and Domestication of animals
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3. Pottery and weaving
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4. Best known for Obsidian
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Obsidian Blade
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a. Dark volcanic rock that looks like glass
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5. 6000 people
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6. Polytheist many female goddesses
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1 = D
2 = F
3 = D
4 = H