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CHAPTER 10The Muslim World
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BEDOUINS
• Their way of life set the foundation for the Islamic way of life.
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Mecca
• Original homeland of Muhammed; in present-day Saudi Arabia.• The most holy city for Islam. Muslims faced the city for prayer.
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The Prophet Muhammed
• Born in Mecca
• Founder of Islam
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History of Islam
• Followers are called Muslims who worship Allah.
• Qur’an is Islam’s holy book.
• Mosque is Islam’s house of worship.
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Practice & Beliefs
Shari’a – Includes Qur’an & Sunna to regulate Islamic way of life
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CH10.L2 Islam Expands• “Rightly Guided”
Caliphs– Abu-Bakr– Umar– Uthman– Ali
• They based their leadership on the Qur’an & Muhammed’s actions.
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Treatment of Conquered Peoples
• The Qur’an forbids forced conversion.– Muslims allowed these
people to follow their religion, but restrictions & taxes were imposed.• Example of restriction:
The conquered people were not allowed to spread their religion.
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Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis
• What led to it?– Muhammed did not
name a successor or indicate how to elect one.
• Umayyads replaced the last of the “rightly guided” caliphs.– Changed the Muslim
capital to Damascus.– Lived luxuriously
Umayyad mint
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Muslims continue to divideSunni• As long as they live by
Sunna, any Muslim is qualified to be a caliph.
Shi’a• Believe only a relative of
Muhammed can be a caliph.
Sufi• Lived a life of poverty and
spirituality.
Abbassids• Strongest of the group –
overthrew Umayyads.• Moved the Muslim
empire’s capital to Baghdad, Iraq.
• Developed a bureaucracy to control the large Muslim empire.
Fatimid• Fell under Shi’a• Claimed descent from
Muhammed’s daughter Fatima
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Muslim Trade Network
• Reasons for its success– Size and location helped
them trade with the rest of the world.
– Muslims invented the sakk (check).
– Arabic language was spoken through the empire.
– Abbasid dinar (currency) was accepted throughout the empire.
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CH10.L3: Muslim Culture
Social Classes 1. Upper class: Muslims
at Birth2. Second class: Converts
to Islam3. Third class: “Protected
People”4. Lowest class: Slaves
• Roles of Women
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Muslim Knowledge
• “Acquire knowledge. It enableth its possessor to distinguish right from wrong; it lighteth the way to Heaven; it is our friend in the desert, our society in solitude, our companion when friendless; it guideth us to happiness; it sustaineth us in misery; it is an ornament amongst friends, and an armour against enemies.”
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House of Wisdom
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Art and Architecture
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Medicine, Mathematics, & Science
• Medicine– Al-Razi
• Mathematics– Basis of all
knowledge– Al-jabr
• Science– Astronomy– Optics