![Page 1: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 11 Section 2
Classical Greece and Rome
![Page 2: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Polis• A city-state or independent
communities, composed of villages and surrounding farmland.
![Page 3: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Polis• Greek root word for “politics”
• These Polis made up Greece.
![Page 4: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Aristocracy • Government run by the nobility, or
group of powerful landowners.
• The nobility ruled the city-states of Greece.
![Page 5: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Democracy• Government ruled by the
people, citizens play an active role.
• Developed around 700 B.C., coming from the Greek words demo (people) and kratos (rule).
![Page 6: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Athens• The most famous city-state of
ancient Greece. • By 450 B.C. about 225,000
people lived in Athens.
![Page 7: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Athens• Athens was a great seafaring
power, it became rich with trade.
• Athens had a strong democracy.
![Page 8: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sparta• Was more inland and
did not have a sea for trade.
• By 600 B.C. it had conquered and enslaved all the people around it.
![Page 9: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sparta• The military and fighting was
very important to Spartan culture.
• At age seven boys were sent to camps to learn how to fight.
• Sparta did not have a democracy and was ruled by nobility.
![Page 10: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Greek Wars• Darius, the ruler of Persia,
decided to invade Greece in 490 B.C.
• Greek soldiers defeated Darius and the Persians at Marathon.
![Page 11: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Greek Wars• Ten years later, Darius’s son
Xerxes, again attempted to conquer Greece
![Page 12: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
300• Battle of Thermopylae thər-MOP-i-lee
• Occurred in August or September 480 B.C.
• A group of 300 Spartans held against the Persian forces of Xerxes that number by ancient accounts in the millions for 7 days.
![Page 13: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Greek Wars• Athens and Sparta
joined together to defeat the Persians at the sea battle of Salamis.
![Page 15: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Peloponnesian Wars
• By 431 B.C., fearing the growing power of Athens, Sparta launched a series of attacks against the city.
• 404 B.C. Athens surrendered to Sparta and the age of Greek Democracy died.
![Page 16: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phillip II• He attacked the Greek city-states
and crushed their combined forces at the Battle of Chaeronea (kehr uh NEE uh) in 338 B.C.
![Page 17: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Phillip II• 336 B.C. he is murdered.
![Page 18: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Alexander the Great• He was barely 20 years old when his
father Phillip II is murdered. • Alexander becomes king and goes
on an 11 year conquest of Asia
![Page 19: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Alexander the Great
• Alexander leads a combined Macedonian and Greek force of over 35,000 across Asia.
![Page 20: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Alexander the Great
![Page 21: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Alexander the Great
![Page 22: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Alexander’s End• In 326 B.C.
Alexander and his army reached India.
• His troops had fought enough and they refused to continue
![Page 23: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Alexander’s End• Alexander died of fever in 323
B.C. during the return to Macedonia. He was 32 years old.
![Page 24: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Rome’s Location• The city of Rome
located on the Tiber River gave it access inland as well as to the sea.
Rome
![Page 25: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Rome’s Cultural Origins
• Rome first settled around 750 B.C.
![Page 26: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Roman Government
• In 509 B.C. the Romans established a republic.
![Page 27: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Republic• A nation in which power is with
the citizens.
• It was not a true democracy, it was run by representatives elected by Roman noblemen.
![Page 28: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Roman Society
• Society was divided into three different classes:
![Page 29: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Patricians (puh TRIH shuhns)• The highest class made up of the
wealthy.
• Claimed they could trace their roots to the founding of Rome.
![Page 30: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Plebeians (plih BEE uhns)• The middle class, ordinary
working citizens.
• They had the right to vote but could not hold office.
![Page 31: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Enslaved Romans
• At the bottom of society, they had no rights at all
![Page 32: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Rome Ever Expanding• By 146 B.C., Rome controlled all
of the land around the Mediterranean Sea.
![Page 33: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Julius Caesar• Famous Roman
general who took control of Gaul (present day France), parts of present day England, and Germany.
• He then made himself its dictator.
![Page 34: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Julius Caesar
• The Roman Republic collapsed and Caesar was appointed dictator of all of Rome.
![Page 35: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Dictator• a leader who rules a country with
absolute power, usually by force.
![Page 36: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Caesar’s End• Caesar was popular with many
but upset many partricians.• March 15, 44 B.C. several
senators stabbed Caesar to death outside the senate building.
![Page 37: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Caesar’s End• Caesar’s great nephew, Ocatvian
became Rome’s new dictator
• Later changed his name to Caesar Augustus
![Page 38: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Rome’s Technological innovations
• One of Rome’s primary strengths were their technological breakthroughs and accomplishments.
![Page 39: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Roman Roads• The Romans developed a system
of making concrete out of a mix of lime and volcanic ash.
![Page 40: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Roman Roads• The roads primary purpose was to
allow Rome’s armies to move quickly but they also carried goods and ideas along their paths.
![Page 41: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Roman Roads
![Page 42: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Aqueducts• A series of tunnels and bridges
that transported water to Roman cities.
![Page 43: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Aqueducts• The aqueducts allowed Romans
to settle areas that otherwise could not be settled due to the distance from a water source.
![Page 44: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Aqueducts
![Page 45: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Fall of the Roman Empire• In the third century A.D. the
Roman Empire was split in two.
• With Rome being the seat of power in the west and Constantinople in the east
![Page 46: Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56814636550346895db34470/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Fall of the Roman Empire
• In 476 A.D the western empire fell to invaders from present day Germany
• The eastern empire, or Byzantium Empire, lasted another 1,000 years.