Download - Chapter 13-Exploration & Discovery
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Chapter 13- Exploration & Discovery
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Why exploration?
• New Trade Routes– Wanted to increase profits– Didn’t want to pay the middle man anymore
• Gold– Tales of great riches
• Adventure– Renaissance spirit of curiosity & individual
achievement
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• Religion– Wanted to convert the heathens– Mostly Roman Catholics, spreading their religion,
not salvation through Jesus Christ• Competition among European nations– Italy-monopoly on trade– Other nations want to bypass Italy– Kings wanted riches for their own country
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Tools for Exploration
• Maps–Not very useful in
exploring new lands– Every time an
explorer returned, he added onto a previously made map
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Instruments
• Compass–Navigation–Map making–Direction to
follow a certain course
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Instruments
• Astrolabe• Quadrant• Cross staff– All measured angle
between horizon and North star
– Used to measure latitude
– Not accurate on a moving ship
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Sea Going Vessels
• Arabic sails– Good on the ocean– Only control small boats
• Not enough room for men and supplies
• Viking Sails– Good maneuverability- Change directions and move around things
• Caravel• combination of triangle and
rectangular sails• Light and fast• Good for ocean travel
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PORTUGAL AND SPAIN
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Portugal
• Leads in Exploration– Surrounded by water– Learned skills from Moors
• Navigation • Map making skills
• Henry the Navigator– Never sailed– Loved navigation– Sponsored captains,
mapmakers, geographers, etc.
• Dias– Sailed around south tip
of Africa• De Gama
– Sailed around south tip, reached India
• ***Portuguese broke Muslim monopoly on trade in Indian Ocean***
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Spain
• Christopher Columbus– Italian, sponsored by
Spain– Wanted to reach Asia by
sailing East– Ptolemy and Marco Polo– Leaves August
• October spots land• San Salvador, Bahamas• Thinks it is Japan
• God planned on the New World being discovered ONLY after the truth of the Bible is now becoming more well known.
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Line of Demarcation
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BECAUSE OF THE LINE OF DEMARCATION THE SPANISH COULD NOT SAIL AROUND THE AFRICAN CONTINENT TO INDIA.
THEY HAD TO FIND ANOTHER ROUTE….
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Ferdinand Magellan
• 1519- Sail East by going West– 200+ men; 5 ships; 3 years– Sail around southern tip of S.
America– Named Pacific Ocean (peaceful)
• Only 18 men; 1 ship made it back to Spain– Magellan dies in Philippines
• 1st time- Circumnavigate world– Found alternate route to East Indies
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EUROPE AND THE NEW WORLDAKA THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE
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Native Americans
• Natives had lived here for thousands of years
• Farmers/gatherers, hunters
• Worship nature gods• Small tribes rather
than large nations
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Natives of Central & S. America
• More advanced than N. American natives– Large cities– Traded with neighbors– Created art/literature
• Maya (300-900 AD)
• Aztec (1300s AD)
• Incas (1380 – 1570 AD)
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Maya
• Many city-states• Pyramids• Paved highways• Hieroglyphs• Astronomy• Computed length of year
365 ¼ days• Worshipped false gods• Declined before Spanish
arrival
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Aztec
• After Mayan decline• 1345- founded city of
Tenochtitlan– City on lake– Central Mexico– Temple in center, canals
through city– Fighters– Conquered over 2 million
people– Human sacrifices to their
gods
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Tenochtitlan
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Inca
• West coast of S. America (Peru)
• Families in tightly knit communities
• Mostly farmers• Had an empire– Ruled over conquered
people– Well planned cities and
road system
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• The Incas excelled at terrace farming. Land is very uneven in Peru.• They knew how to use the land they had to successfully grow: corn,
potatoes, quinoa…… and cocoa beans for CHOCOLATE