CHAPTER 13 – GENETIC ENGINEERING TEST REVIEW
What type of organisms have been produced by selective breeding?
DOGS, CATS, HORSES
Selective breeding produces ____.
DESIRED TRAITS
What type of genetic technology is most likely to bring together two recessive alleles
for a genetic defect?
INBREEDING
The crossing of buffalo and cattle to produce beefalo is an example of
______.
HYBRIDIZATION
What is the ultimate source of genetic variability?
MUTATIONS
Polyploidy instantly results in a new plant species because it ___.
1. CHANGES A SPECIES’ CHROMOSOME NUMBER
2. PRODUCES A HARDIER SPECIES.
3. CAUSES MUTATIONS
One function of gel electrophoresis is to ___.
SEPARATE DNA FRAGMENTS
The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called ___
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allows researchers to ____.
STUDY SPECIFIC GENES
What kind of technique do scientists use to make transgenic organisms?
GENETIC ENGINEERING
What is an advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins?
CAN PRODUCE HUMAN PROTEINS IN LARGE
AMOUNTS
What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants?
INCREASING THE FOOD SUPPLY
The Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut cloned a______.
SHEEP
What does Figure 13–1 show?
Figure 13-1
RESTRICTION ENZYME PRODUCING DNA FRAGMENT
In Figure 13–1, between which nucleotides is the DNA cut?
Figure 13-1
ADENINE & GUANINE
People have used ______ to produce many different dog breeds.
SELECTIVE BREEDING
Without selective breeding, dogs today would probably be _____
similar.
LESS
Hybrids are often _____than either of their parents.
HARDIER
Animal breeders maintain cat and dog breeds by the process of
___________.
SELECTIVE BREEDING
A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each _____.
GENE
To transform a plant, scientists inject DNA into _____.
CELL
To produce a recombinant plasmid, the plasmid and the
foreign DNA are cut with ________ restriction enzyme.
THE SAME
Scientists use ________to determine which animal cells have
been successfully transformed.
GENETIC MARKERS
Bacterial cells that have been transformed with a plasmid that carries a genetic marker for resistance to the
antibiotic tetracycline _______ survive in a culture treated with tetracycline.
WILL
To produce Dolly, Ian Wilmut removed the nucleus from a sheep’s _____ cell
and fused it with a cell taken from another adult.
EGG CELL
Humans use selective breeding to pass desired ____ on to the next generation
of organisms.
TRAITS
____ is the technique of selective breeding that has led to deformities in
certain dog breeds.
INBREEDING
To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an orange and some
of a grapefruit, you would use the selective breeding technique of ____.
HYBRIDIZATION
Eliminating an undesirable trait from a dog breed would probably require the technique of selective breeding called
___.
HYBRIDIZATION
Scientists use radiation and chemicals to induce______.
MUTATIONS
The mutations that breeders induce in organisms are passed on to the
organisms’ ___.
OFFSPRING
A DNA sample will form a single band on an electrophoresis gel if all
the fragments are the same _______.
LENGTH
The process of polymerase chain reaction is similar to the process of
____, which occurs in cells.
MITOSIS
Some plasmids have genetic markers that make them resistant to
_____.
ANTIBIOTICS
Dolly is not a transgenic animal because all of her genes are from
the ___ kind of organism.
SAME
In Figure 13–2, what do the bands shown in B consist of?
Figure 13–2
DNA FRAGMENTS
Which group of bands in Figure 13–2 moved faster?
Figure 13–2
D
What is occurring in A in Figure 13–2?
Figure 13–2
DNA IS BEING PIPETTED INTO THE GEL BED
In Figure 13–2, why are the bands in B moving toward the positive
end of the gel?
Figure 13–2
DNA IS NEGATIVELY CHARGED
In what ways has selective breeding been useful to humans today and in the past?
BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION.
Explain an advantage and a disadvantage of inbreeding.
BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION.